8. The figure below is a diagram of a nephron. LABEL the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (ascending and descending limbs, thick and thin segments), glomerular capsule, glomerulus, collecting tubules, collecting duct. Then add COLORED ARROWS showing the correct location and direction of the following processes:
- Black arrows at the site of filtrate formation
- Red arrows at the major site of amino acid and glucose reabsorption
- Green arrows at the site where NaCl and water are reabsorbed using countercurrent exchange
- Orange arrows at the sites most responsive to hormones like aldosterone
- Blue arrows at the major site of tubular secretion (secretion of additional wastes, drugs, and hormones)
Putting this all together...
Where is filtrate formed?
Where does most reabsorption and secretion occur?
Where does additional reabsorption and secretion in response to hormones and diet occur?
Where is a sodium concentration is established and maintained?
9. How do substances cross the epithelium of the renal tubule during reabsorption or secretion?
or
10. In your own words, describe how Na+, water, and ions like K+ and Ca2+ are reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule into the peritubular capillaries: