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Activity: Complete the Story of the Urinary Flow Pathway Nephron Urethra Loop of Henle Ascending Limb Papillae Pelvis Proximal Convoluted Tubule Bowman's capsule Bladder Distal Convoluted Tubule Descending Limb Collecting Duct Minor/major Calyx Ureter Glomerulus Urine is formed by a specific structure known as the _(1)_. To begin this process, blood enters the renal corpuscle by way of the afferent arteriole and reaches the _(2)_ of the nephron, which is a specialized capillary bed that acts like a strainer to filter out dissolved particles from the plasma. As fluid leaves the glomerulus, it enters _(3)_ and is now known as filtrate. Filtrate quickly moves into the next segment of the nephron, the renal tubule by entering the _(4)_, where 65% of all particles the body needs to keep are reabsorbed into peritubular capillaries. Next, the filtrate moves to the _(5)_, where reabsorption is completed. In the _(6)_, water only is reabsorbed into the vasa recta while in the _(7)_, salt only is actively transported into the medullary space. The last stop for the filtrate is the _(8)_, where secretion occurs. Here waste products can be secreted from the peritubular capillaries and become a component of urine. The last stop in the nephron is the _(9)_, where urine from multiple nephrons merges together. This tube carries the urine to the inferior part of the pyramid known as the _(10)_, where urine drips into a funnel shaped structure known as a _(11)_. Each calyx collects urine from one pyramid and transports the waste into the center of the kidney in an open area known as the _(12)_. This region directs urine out of the kidney via the _(13)_, which exits the hilum. From here, the ureters carry urine for storage in the _(14)_ before it will be released from the body by a final output tube known as the _(15)_.
Madhur L.
Activity: Complete the Story of the Urinary Flow Pathway Nephron Urethra Loop of Henle Ascending Limb Papillae Pelvis Proximal Convoluted Tubule Bowman's capsule Bladder Distal Convoluted Tubule Descending Limb Collecting Duct Minor/major Calyx Ureter Glomerulus Urine is formed by a specific structure known as the _(1)_. To begin this process, blood enters the renal corpuscle by way of the afferent arteriole and reaches the _(2)_ of the nephron, which is a specialized capillary bed that acts like a strainer to filter out dissolved particles from the plasma. As fluid leaves the glomerulus, it enters _(3)_ and is now known as filtrate. Filtrate quickly moves into the next segment of the nephron, the renal tubule by entering the _(4)_ where 65% of all particles the body needs to keep are reabsorbed into peritubular capillaries. Next, the filtrate moves to the _(5)_, where reabsorption is completed. In the _(6)_ water only is reabsorbed into the vasa recta while in the _(7)_, salt only is actively transported into the medullary space. The last stop for the filtrate is the _(8)_, where secretion occurs. Here waste products can be secreted from the peritubular capillaries and become a component of urine. The last stop in the nephron is the _(9)_, where urine from multiple nephrons merges together. This tube carries the urine to the inferior part of the pyramid known as the _(10)_ where urine drips into a funnel shaped structure known as a _(11)_. Each calyx collects urine from one pyramid and transports the waste into the center of the kidney in an open area known as the _(12)_. This region directs urine out of the kidney via the _(13)_, which exits the hilum. From here, the ureters carry urine for storage in the _(14)_ before it will be released from the body by a final output tube known as the _(15)_.
Adi S.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is influenced by the number of pressures occurring on either side of the filtration membrane in the glomerulus. Remember that filtration occurs when pressure forces fluid and solutes through a semipermeable barrier, with solute movement constrained by particle size. Glomerular filtration occurs when the glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP) exceeds the opposing pressures: the capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP) within the glomerular capsule, which pushes against filtration, as well as the blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) of the blood in the glomerulus, which pulls fluids back into the glomerulus. The net filtration pressure (NFP) is the force producing urine and can be explained by the following formula: NFP = GBHP - (CHP + BCOP) Use available models, the images supplied from your textbook and/or your Practice Atlas for Anatomy and Physiology, to identify the following structures: 1. Filtration 2. Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure 3. Blood colloid osmotic pressure 4. Capsular hydrostatic pressure
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