While studying in Norway, Zophie studied the carbohydrate-degrading enzymes produced by the fungi Aspergillus niger. From her research, she found out that the following carbohydrases can be produced by the fungi:
TABLE I
Enzyme pI MW (in kDa)
β-mannanase 4.30 80
Endoglucanase VII 7.60 25
β-glucosidase 8.55 180
Cellobiohydrolase II 5.30 47
α-galactosidase 5.60 255
β-mannosidase 5.70 120
To separate the enzymes and estimate their molar masses, Zophie utilized gel-filtration chromatography. First, she determined the void volume by running Blue Dextran in a Sephadex G-150 gel. From the chromatogram, the 30th fraction had the highest absorbance at 610 nm, with each fraction having a volume of 0.5 mL. She then used protein standards and had the following results:
TABLE II
Standard Molecular Mass (in Da) Ve (in mL)
Beta amylase 200,000 17
Alcohol dehydrogenase 150,000 23
Bovine serum albumin 66,000 37
Carbonic anhydrase 29,000 54
Cytochrome C 12,400 75
After running the standards, she then ran the fungal extracts and had three peaks in the chromatogram with elution volumes of 18 mL, 27 mL, and 35 mL.
A. What is the void volume for the GPC setup used?
B. Give the equation of the line for the molecular weight standards. What are the molar masses of the given enzymes?
C. What are the most probable identities of the carbohydrases in the fungal extract?
D. If Zophie were to isolate the enzyme found at the 18-mL fraction of the fungal extract using ion-exchange chromatography, what type of resin should she use, and what should the pH of the mobile phase be?