00:02
Translation is one of the two major parts of turning dna into usable proteins that we need for our cells.
00:09
So this is the second half of this process where we translate the strand of mrna into the primary proteins.
00:23
So for the aspect of translation, we're going to use all forms of rna.
00:27
There's mrna, which is the template of genetic code.
00:32
There is rrna, which are these ribosomal units.
00:36
And then there are going to be little trna units.
00:43
Now trna units are going to be the thing that we focus on the most.
00:49
And this is the thing that really is where you see all the action happening in terms of building up this protein.
00:56
So with this, we are going to be looking at the three different sites of the rna.
01:02
You can see here there's e, p, and a, and how the trna acts with each one of these.
01:09
So we're going to start with the a site because this is where trna will enter.
01:15
So here we see a new trna comes onto the scene.
01:20
And a trna you will see down here on the bottom.
01:27
There are these three little nucleotide bases.
01:30
So this is a codon or rather an anticodon because it will be the opposite of one of our codons down here on the mrna.
01:47
So it's going to be sort of the inverse match of that codon on mrna.
01:52
And there is a little bit of a difference here.
01:55
We do have something called the wobble effect, which means that the last codon or sometimes even the last two can be different between the anticodon and the codon.
02:08
It might not be an exact opposite, but it will still code for the same amino acid because there's many less amino acids than there are possible nucleotide combinations in a codon.
02:23
But we're looking at an anticodon that will be the inverse match of a codon on our mrna.
02:29
And that will code for a certain amino acid up here on the top of the trna.
02:39
And so that's what the trna is bringing to the table.
02:41
It's bringing a specific amino acid that is coded for in this genetic code.
02:48
So as the new trna comes to the site, it will bind its anticodon to the codon on the mrna.
03:00
And that is what sort of locks it into this a -site.
03:03
So once it's there and we know that it matches, you're going to see that the amino acid it carries on the top will have a polypeptide bond between its amino acid and the one next to it.
03:26
Meaning the amino acid of whatever trna is at the a -site will then have a polypeptide bond to the one that's being carried by the trna at the p -site.
03:48
So this is the polypeptide bond that is going to be building the chain that makes the primary protein.
03:54
So this is how it gets created.
03:55
This is how it gets elongated.
03:58
So once it's done this, then you will see the mrna will shift.
04:08
It will shift this way...