One hundred sixty people who suffer from painful diabetic neuropathy have volunteered to participate in a study. Eighty are selected at random and are given the drug gabapentin, which (although originally intended to prevent epileptic seizures) has properties that may make it useful to alleviate neuropathy. The remaining participants are given a placebo. A neurologist evaluates the symptoms of all volunteers after two months to determine if there has been substantial improvement in the severity of the symptoms. This study would be double-blind if: All of the answer choices are correct. neither drug had any identifying marks on it. neither the volunteers nor the neurologist knew which subjects had received the treatment and which had received the placebo. neither the volunteers nor the neurologist were allowed to see each other during the session during which the neurologist evaluated the severity of the symptoms.
Added by Mackenzie S.
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Step 1: The study would be double-blind if neither the volunteers nor the neurologist knew which subjects had received the treatment and which had received the placebo. Show more…
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1. Surveys, if not done correctly, can lead to seriously biased samples. Which is NOT a bias due to the sampling plan? bias due to selecting a volunteer sample bias due to selecting a convenience sample bias due to nonresponse bias due to selecting a stratified random sample 2. One hundred sixty people who suffer from painful diabetic neuropathy have volunteered to participate in a study. Eighty are selected at random and are given the drug gabapentin, which (although originally intended to prevent epileptic seizures) has properties that may make it useful to alleviate neuropathy. The remaining participants are given a placebo. A neurologist evaluates the symptoms of all volunteers after two months to determine if there has been substantial improvement in the severity of the symptoms. This study would be double-blind if: neither drug had any identifying marks on it. neither the volunteers nor the neurologist were allowed to see each other during the session during which the neurologist evaluated the severity of the symptoms. neither the volunteers nor the neurologist knew which subjects had received the treatment and which had received the placebo. All of the answer choices are correct. 3. A researcher studying the effect of price cuts on consumers' expectations makes up two different histories of the store price of a hypothetical brand of laundry detergent for the past year. Eight students in a class view one or the other price history on a computer. Some students see a steady price, whereas others see regular sales that temporarily cut the price. Students are asked the price they would expect to pay. The response is the: laundry detergent. business students. price they would expect to pay. sale prices.
Adi S.
Clinical Case Study: An Overweight Man with Tingling, Thirst, and Blurred Vision A 46-year-old man visited an ophthalmologist because of recent episodes of blurry vision. In addition to examining the man’s eyes, the ophthalmologist took a medical history and assessed the patient’s overall health. The patient was 6 feet tall and weighed 265 pounds (BMI equal to 36 kg/m2). He had recently been experiencing “tingling” sensations in his hands and feet and was sleeping poorly because he was waking up several times during the night with a full bladder. He had also taken to carrying bottled water with him wherever he went, because he often felt very thirsty. He reported that he worked as a taxicab driver and rarely if ever had occasion to engage in much physical activity or exercise. The patient attributed the tingling sensations to “sitting in one position all day” and was convinced that his eye prob- lems were the natural result of aging. Examination of the eyes, however, revealed a greatly weakened accommodation reflex in both eyes. These signs and symptoms suggested to the ophthalmologist that the patient might have diabetes mellitus, and he therefore referred the patient to a physician at the diabetes unit of his local hospital. Guide Questions: What are the major functions of insulin, particularly with respect to its effects on plasma glucose? What is meant by target-cell hyporesponsiveness? Is it unique to insulin? Clinical terms: diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis, insulin resistance, sulfonylureas, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
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Effects of Insufficient Insulin in a Person with Diabetes A man with insulindependent diabetes is brought to the emergency room in a near-comatose state. While vacationing in an isolated place, he lost his insulin medication and has not taken any insulin for two days. (a) For each tissue listed below, is each pathway faster, slower, or unchanged in this patient, compared with the normal level when he is getting appropriate amounts of insulin? (b) For each pathway, describe at least one control mechanism responsible for the change you predict. Tissue and Pathways 1. Adipose: fatty acid synthesis 2. Muscle: glycolysis; fatty acid synthesis; glycogen synthesis 3. Liver: glycolysis; gluconeogenesis; glycogen synthesis; fatty acid synthesis; pentose phosphate pathway
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