Question

1. One of the most promising treatments for Leukemia is a bone marrow transplant from a matching donor. An ideal donor is hard to find because he or she must have the same two alleles as the patient at all of six different genes. In the human population, there are hundreds of alleles for each of these genes. A 10-year-old girl is diagnosed with leukemia. After a year of testing voluntary donors, no match has been found. Desperate to help their daughter, her parents decide to have another child to be a bone marrow match for their daughter. They plan to use in vitro fertilization (IVF) with genetic screening of fertilized embryos. All embryos are genotyped for all six genes affecting recognition of bone marrow. Assume that: All eggs are successfully fertilized. Mother and Father are both heterozygous for different alleles of all six genes. Genotype frequencies predicted by Mendel's laws are observed. Mother: A¹A² B¹B² C¹C² D¹D² E¹E² F¹F² Father: A³A? B³B? C³C? D³D? E³E? F³F? Daughter: A¹A³ B²B³ C²C³ D¹D³ E²E? F¹F? a. List how many genes are involved: 6 genes b. List how many alleles are involved: 12 alleles c. What fraction of embryos is expected to have the desired genotype that matches the daughter? Write out the equations to determine probability based on the gametes that are needed to generate the expected outcome. ¼ 1. Using the same information from question #2, If doctors could identify and collect sperm with the genotype A³ B³ C³ D³ E? F?, and used only these sperm to fertilize a random collection of the mother's eggs, what fraction of the resulting embryos would be a perfect bone marrow match for their daughter? Write out the equations to determine probability based on the gametes that are needed to generate the expected outcome.

1. One of the most promising treatments for Leukemia is a bone marrow transplant from a matching donor. An ideal donor is hard to find because he or she must have the same two alleles as the patient at all of six different genes. In the human population, there are hundreds of alleles for each of these genes. A 10-year-old girl is diagnosed with leukemia. After a year of testing voluntary donors, no match has been found. Desperate to help their daughter, her parents decide to have another child to be a bone marrow match for their daughter. They plan to use in vitro fertilization (IVF) with genetic screening of fertilized embryos. All embryos are genotyped for all six genes affecting recognition of bone marrow.

Assume that: All eggs are successfully fertilized. Mother and Father are both heterozygous for different alleles of all six genes. Genotype frequencies predicted by Mendel's laws are observed.
Mother: A¹A² B¹B² C¹C² D¹D² E¹E² F¹F²
Father: A³A? B³B? C³C? D³D? E³E? F³F?
Daughter: A¹A³ B²B³ C²C³ D¹D³ E²E? F¹F?

a. List how many genes are involved: 6 genes
b. List how many alleles are involved: 12 alleles
c. What fraction of embryos is expected to have the desired genotype that matches the daughter? Write out the equations to determine probability based on the gametes that are needed to generate the expected outcome. ¼

1. Using the same information from question #2, If doctors could identify and collect sperm with the genotype A³ B³ C³ D³ E? F?, and used only these sperm to fertilize a random collection of the mother's eggs, what fraction of the resulting embryos would be a perfect bone marrow match for their daughter? Write out the equations to determine probability based on the gametes that are needed to generate the expected outcome.

$1. One of the most promising treatments for Leukemia is a bone marrow transplant from a matching donor. An ideal donor is hard to find because he or she must have the same two alleles as the patient at all of six different genes. In the human population, there are hundreds of alleles for each of these genes. A 10-year-old girl is diagnosed with leukemia. After a year of testing voluntary donors, no match has been found. Desperate to help their daughter, her parents decide to have another child to be a bone marrow match for their daughter. They plan to use in vitro fertilization (IVF) with genetic screening of fertilized embryos. All embryos are genotyped for all six genes affecting recognition of bone marrow. Assume that: All eggs are successfully fertilized. Mother and Father are both heterozygous for different alleles of all six genes. Genotype frequencies predicted by Mendel's laws are observed. Mother: A¹A² B¹B² C¹C² D¹D² E¹E² F¹F² Father: A³A? B³B? C³C? D³D? E³E? F³F? Daughter: A¹A³ B²B³ C²C³ D¹D³ E²E? F¹F? a. List how many genes are involved: 6 genes b. List how many alleles are involved: 12 alleles c. What fraction of embryos is expected to have the desired genotype that matches the daughter? Write out the equations to determine probability based on the gametes that are needed to generate the expected outcome. ¼ 1. Using the same information from question #2, If doctors could identify and collect sperm with the genotype A³ B³ C³ D³ E? F?, and used only these sperm to fertilize a random collection of the mother's eggs, what fraction of the resulting embryos would be a perfect bone marrow match for their daughter? Write out the equations to determine probability based on the gametes that are needed to generate the expected outcome.$

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