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OUTPUT Read the article and answer the questions which follow. GD EMeI?es When developing a new motorvehicle engine, engineers are faced with the dilemma of more power or less fuel. The goal is to combine high power output and low fuel consumption. Increasing fuel efficiency helps motorists to save money and also reduces \( \mathrm{CO}_{2} \) emissions. Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines can reduce fuel consumption by up to \( 20 \% \), thereby producing \( 20 \% \) lower emissions. How does it work? GDI engines use a new combustion control method that injects gasoline directly into the cylinders, where it mixes with oxygen from air drawn in from the outside. Conventional sparkignition engines mix air and gasoline in the intake manifold before injecting the mixture into the cylinder. The GDI engine produces a finer mist of gasoline in the cylinder which leads to cleaner burning and more power. It also has a shaped piston crown to swirl the finely atomized gasoline into a tight cloud near the tip of the spark plug. This stratified charge of fuel and fresh air near the source of ignition is the process behind GDI's low fuel consumption. Some car makers have developed other key components, for example a high-pressure common-rail injection system with a single piston injection pump. This pump supplies the exact amount of fuel needed to maintain the required pressure in the system. GDI engines will become more important in the future because of the need to reduce fuel consumption and because of growing environmental concerns. Over to you Can you explain in your own words how GDI engines work? How important do you think GDI engines will be in the future? Do you know of any other current engine innovations?

OUTPUT
Read the article and answer the questions which follow.
GD EMeI?es
When developing a new motorvehicle engine, engineers are faced with the dilemma of more power or less fuel. The goal is to combine high power output and low fuel consumption. Increasing fuel efficiency helps motorists to save money and also reduces \( \mathrm{CO}_{2} \) emissions. Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines can reduce fuel consumption by up to \( 20 \% \), thereby producing \( 20 \% \) lower emissions.

How does it work?

GDI engines use a new combustion control method that injects gasoline directly into the cylinders, where it mixes with oxygen from air drawn in from the outside. Conventional sparkignition engines mix air and gasoline in the intake manifold before injecting the mixture into the cylinder.

The GDI engine produces a finer mist of gasoline in the cylinder which leads to cleaner burning and more power. It also has a shaped piston crown to swirl the finely atomized gasoline into a tight cloud near the tip of the spark plug. This stratified
charge of fuel and fresh air near the source of ignition is the process behind GDI's low fuel consumption.
Some car makers have developed other key components, for example a high-pressure common-rail injection system with a single piston injection pump. This pump supplies the exact amount of fuel needed to maintain the required pressure in the system.
GDI engines will become more important in the future because of the need to reduce fuel consumption and because of growing environmental concerns.
Over to you
Can you explain in your own words how GDI engines work?
How important do you think GDI engines will be in the future?
Do you know of any other current engine innovations?

OUTPUT
Read the article and answer the questions which follow.
GD EMeI?es
When developing a new motorvehicle engine, engineers are faced with the dilemma of more power or less fuel. The goal is to combine high power output and low fuel consumption. Increasing fuel efficiency helps motorists to save money and also reduces CO2 emissions. Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines can reduce fuel consumption by up to 20 %, thereby producing 20 % lower emissions.

How does it work?

GDI engines use a new combustion control method that injects gasoline directly into the cylinders, where it mixes with oxygen from air drawn in from the outside. Conventional sparkignition engines mix air and gasoline in the intake manifold before injecting the mixture into the cylinder.

The GDI engine produces a finer mist of gasoline in the cylinder which leads to cleaner burning and more power. It also has a shaped piston crown to swirl the finely atomized gasoline into a tight cloud near the tip of the spark plug. This stratified
charge of fuel and fresh air near the source of ignition is the process behind GDI's low fuel consumption.
Some car makers have developed other key components, for example a high-pressure common-rail injection system with a single piston injection pump. This pump supplies the exact amount of fuel needed to maintain the required pressure in the system.
GDI engines will become more important in the future because of the need to reduce fuel consumption and because of growing environmental concerns.
Over to you
Can you explain in your own words how GDI engines work?
How important do you think GDI engines will be in the future?
Do you know of any other current engine innovations?

Added by Felix N.

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