Gamma radiation and x-radiation provide ionizing forms of radiation. What effect does ionizing radiation have on molecules through which they pass? It causes an excitation and subsequent loss of electrons in any type of molecule. It produces free radicals, which are highly toxic to the cell. Ionizing radiation is able to cause a loss of electrons, a breakdown of water molecules, and the production of damaging free radicals. It breaks down water molecules into highly reactive hydrogen and hydroxide ions. Which type of electromagnetic radiation is most commonly used to kill bacterial cells? X-rays Ultraviolet light Gamma rays Infrared light Which of the following statements best describes the effects of thymine dimerization induced by ultraviolet light? Covalent bonding of two adjacent thymine molecules on one nucleic acid strand in the DNA molecule Covalent bonding of two adjacent lipid molecules in the cell wall of the bacterial cell Covalent bonding of two adjacent amino acids in a protein molecule Covalent bonding of two bacterial cells together What safety precaution must be followed when using ultraviolet light in order to prevent injury? You should never look directly at a source of ultraviolet light. You must wear a lab coat to protect yourself from ultraviolet light. You should keep the bacterial cultures away from ultraviolet light sources. You must only use ultraviolet light in the absence of other light sources.
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Radiation can be divided into two types: ionizing and non-ionizing. Non-ionizing radiation, such as the energy transmitted through light or radio waves, is less dangerous. Ionizing radiation can be harmful to the human body. When ionizing radiation strikes the human body, it can give molecules a charge (+ or -). It can cause significant changes to how those molecules function. Two kinds of ionizing radiation in outer space: Solar Energetic Particles that can cause solar flares and Galactic Cosmic Radiation that come from outside of our own system. The immediate effects caused by radiation depend on the dose of radiation received. This may lead to mild effects such as feeling tired or nauseous. It can cause more serious effects such as damage to the central nervous system. It can possibly even cause cancer. Some of the longer-term effects of spaceflight can include developing cataracts which can cause blurry vision or blindness. The high energy particles from Solar events can travel extremely quickly, reaching Earth in a matter of minutes. This speed makes it hard for scientists in spaceflight to predict and prepare for such events. Most of the radiation affecting your crew will be in the form of galactic cosmic radiation. Typically, this radiation can pass through spacecraft and the bodies of astronauts. For humans on Earth, the effects of space radiation are minimal because the Earth's atmosphere deflects most radiation. There is currently no shielding for harmful galactic cosmic radiation.
Sri K.
Match the resulting effects and characteristics of ionizing radiation with the appropriate radiation source. Alpha particles Beta particles Gamma photons (rays) Answer Bank: cause a shallow sunburn-like burn if the skin is exposed for an extended period the largest in size and slowest moving particles penetrates deeply into bone, organs and tissue slightly penetrate the skin only internal exposure can lead to considerable damage to nearby cells most dangerous form of ionizing radiation, causes widespread damage unable to readily penetrate the skin
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