00:01
In this question we are asked to draw a phylogenetic tree and on it we have to represent nodes, synapomorphies, as well as the groups like monophyletic groups, para -phylitic groups and polyphyletic groups.
00:29
And to describe the relationships between the members of that tree.
00:35
So let us first take a simple phylogenetic tree which is represented as follows.
00:40
In this phylogenetic tree, these pink dots actually represents the nodes, specifically the internal nodes, whereas the terminal taxa represents the external nodes.
01:02
And these extending lines are called as the branches.
01:07
Now let us explain the terms from this phylogenetic tree which represents the human evolution.
01:13
In this phylogenetic tree, the pink dots actually represents the nodes.
01:22
These are the nodes, whereas the members, humans, chimpanzees and bonobos with their recent common ancestors comprises of monophyletic groups and their recent ancestor is represented by this pink node.
01:48
On the other hand, the groups including humans, chimpanzees and but not the bonobos, which are also the descendant of this recent ancestor which is represented by the pink node...