1) Which level of gene expression is most regulated in prokaryotes? a) Transcription b) Post-translational modification c) Translation d) RNA processing 2) Which of the following are found in the lac operon sequence? a) lac Z gene b) lac Y gene c) lac I gene d) lac promoter e) operator sequence 3) Which of the following statements about B-galactosidase is true? a) B-galactosidase is produced when lactose is present b) B-galactosidase creates allolactose from glucose c) B-galactosidase cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose d) B-galactosidase is made from the lac Y gene 4) The lac operon will only be transcribed if glucose is absent. True False 5) The lac repressor... a) blocks B-galactosidase from binding to the promoter b) is always made c) is inactivated by allolactose d) binds to the lac operator sequence 6) Which of the following determines if the lac repressor blocks RNA polymerase? a) The presence of sucrose b) The presence of glucose c) The presence of maltose d) The presence of lactose 7) cAMP... a) helps increase transcription of the lac operon b) is made if glucose is present c) is made if glucose is absent d) binds to CAP protein 8) Which of the following would prevent transcription of the lac operon? a) Neither glucose nor lactose are present b) Lactose is present, but glucose is not c) Glucose and lactose are present d) Glucose is present, but lactose is not 9) Which of the following must be true when lactose is absent but glucose is present? a) The lac repressor is bound to allolactose b) B-galactosidase is produced c) cAMP is made d) The lac repressor is bound to the operator e) RNA polymerase is bound to the promoter 10) Which of the following must be true when lactose and glucose are present? a) The lac repressor is bound to the operator b) cAMP is made c) The lac repressor is bound to allolactose d) RNA polymerase is bound to the promoter e) B-galactosidase is produced 11) miRNAs... a) can lead to blockage of translation for an mRNA b) can lead to destruction of an mRNA c) are made by dicer chopping up a large stretch of dsRNA to form smaller stretches of dsRNA d) block mRNAs from their own genes 12) Nucleosomes contain a) H1 linker b) histone octamer c) DNA Polymerase d) RNA e) histone hexamer f) DNA 13) Control elements include... a) promoters b) proximal control elements c) transcription factors d) enhancers e) RNA polymerase 14) Acetylation of histones leads to a) a more open structure of chromatin b) decreased transcription c) increased transcription d) a more closed structure of chromatin 15) Which of the following help to regulate gene expression in eukaryotes by affecting whether or not transcription may occur? a) transcription factors b) siRNA c) enhancers d) DNA methylation e) histone acetylation 16) Which of the following help to regulate gene expression in eukaryotes by directly affecting whether or not translation may occur? a) siRNA b) histone acetylation c) transcription factors d) enhancers e) DNA methylation
Added by Rebecca S.
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1) a) Transcription - In prokaryotes, the primary level of control of gene expression is at the level of transcription. Show moreā¦
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During the Ames test, his- bacteria are exposed to a chemical. If the bacteria reverts to his+, then what can we say about the chemical? A. The chemical is not safe to consume even though it is not likely a mutagen. B. The chemical is not safe to consume because it is likely a mutagen. C. The chemical is safe to consume even though it is likely a mutagen. D. The chemical is safe to consume and is not likely a mutagen. E. The chemical is certainly a cancer-causing chemical. 2. A mutagen that changes an amino acid-coding to a stop codon is classified as what kind of mutation? A. missense B. silent C. nonsense D. conditional E. neutral 3. A mutation that results in multiple consecutive amino acid changes in proteins is likely to be which of the following? A. transition B. transversion C. frameshift D. null mutation E. missense mutation 4. Mutations that arise in nature, from no particular artificial agent, are called ___. A. cosmic mutations B. spontaneous mutations C. chromosomal losses D. nutritional mutations E. induced mutations 5. What term would be applied to a regulatory condition that occurs when a protein is associated with a particular section of DNA and greatly reduces transcription? A. stimulation B. activation C. induction D. negative control E. positive control 6. Some lac operon mutations allow for beta galactosidase to be expressed constitutively even in the absence of lactose. Which of the following lac genotypes would allow for this constitutive expression? A. I+ P- O+ Z+ Y+ A+ B. I+ P+ O+ Z+ Y+ A+ C. I+ P+ O+ Z- Y+ A+ D. IS P+ O+ Z+ Y+ A+ E. I+ P+ OC Z+ Y+ A+ 7. Which of the following terms best characterizes catabolite repression associated with the lac operon in E. coli? A. repressible system B. negative control C. inducible system D. position control E. constitutive 8. What is the name of the molecule that binds to CAP to activate transcription of the lac operon? A. ATP B. lactose C. cAMP D. glucose E. galactose 9. When both lactose and glucose are available to E. coli, which part of the lac operon regulation assures that glucose will be metabolized first? A. Permease allows lactose to enter the cell when lactose enters the cell B. The repressor binds to the operator in the absence of lactose C. RNA polymerase transcribes the lac operon to make a single RNA molecule D. The repressor cannot bind to the operator in the presence of lactose E. CAP binds to cAMP and then to the promoter only in the presence of low glucose 10. Genetic regulation in bacteria can involve alterations in RNA secondary structure. What phenomenon occurs in the trp operon that involves such alterations? A. polyadenylation of the 3' end of the mRNAs B. transcription C. attenuation D. capping E. intron processing 11. Usually, bacteria only make tryptophan when tryptophan is absent or available in low concentration. However, a particular bacterial mutation makes tryptophan all the time whether or not tryptophan is present. What could explain this phenotype? A. trpD is mutated B. trpE is mutated C. the terminator hairpin is unable to form D. trpA is mutated E. the antiterminator hairpin is unable to form 12. Enzymes that are continuously produced are said to have a(n) ___ expression. A. negative B. positive C. inducible D. constitutive E. repressible 13. What term refers to clusters of bacterial genes that are under the control of a single regulatory region? A. prototroph B. autotroph C. operon D. allosteric E. attenuation 14. In the lac operon, the product of structural gene lacZ is capable of ___. A. forming ATP from pyruvate B. forming lactose from two glucose molecules C. binding to the operator of the lac operon D. transporting lactose into the cell E. splitting the linkage of lactose to produce glucose and galactose
Sri K.
1. What is true of tRNA (transfer RNA)? A. They contain an anti-codon. B. They carry an amino acid. C. They can interpret the genetic code. D. All of these are true. 2. How can transcription factors bound to distant enhancers influence gene expression? A. The transcription factors can slide along the DNA until they get to the gene's promoter. B. DNA can loop, bringing these proteins into contact with the gene's promoter. C. Both of these are true. D. Neither of these are true. 3. How many different three-letter codons can be made from four types of nucleotides? A. 12 B. 16 C. 32 D. 64 4. What's the difference between a transgenic organism and Genetically Modified Organism? A. A transgenic organism is produced by older recombinant DNA techniques, while a GMO is produced by CRISPR. B. A transgenic organism is always an animal, a GMO is always a plant. C. There is no difference. These are two terms for the same thing. 5. You wanted to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in zebrafish to make them glow. You should fuse: A. The GFP promoter with a zebrafish coding sequence. B. A zebrafish promoter with the GFP coding sequence. C. The GFP promoter with a zebrafish enhancer. D. A zebrafish promoter with a GFP enhancer. 6. A valid concern when choosing between non-GMO and GMO food products is that: A. GMO food generally has fewer vitamins, so it is less healthy. B. GMO crops are associated with increased use of herbicides. C. Both of these are true. D. Neither are true. 7. According to the video, performing CRISPR requires: A. Access to a scientific laboratory. B. RNA. C. Cutting the DNA double helix. D. All of these things. 8. CRISPR is used mainly... A. In human medicine, to treat genetic disorders. B. In basic scientific research, to learn more about genes. C. To create designer babies. 9. Terminator seeds are a potential (but unpopular) solution to which problem? A. Loss of crops due to insect infestations. B. Infection of plants by viruses. C. Gene flow between GMO and non-GMO crops. 10. According to the video, what is harmful to insects but not to us? Choose all that apply! A. Coffee. B. Chocolate. C. BT toxin. 11. By engineering plants that can capture their own ____, crops would be less dependent on treatment with chemicals that contribute to global warming. A. Carbon. B. Oxygen. C. Nitrogen. D. Phosphorous. 12. A mutation within the promoter region of a gene is likely to: A. Alter the amino acid sequence of the protein that is eventually produced from the gene. B. Alter the amount of transcription of the gene. C. Both of these. D. Neither of these. 13. What is the 'flow of information' during gene expression? A. Protein -> DNA -> RNA. B. RNA -> protein -> DNA. C. DNA -> RNA -> protein. D. Protein -> RNA -> DNA. 14. How many amino acids can be encoded by the DNA sequence AAACTGTACGGG? A. 12 B. 6 C. 4 D. 3 15. Some humans are able to digest milk into adulthood, but others are not. This is because: A. Some of us have a lactase gene; others do not. B. Some of us have a lactase allele that produces a lactase protein with a different (better) amino acid sequence. C. Some of us have a regulatory mutation that allows lactase to be expressed past childhood. D. Some of us have a mutation in the lactase coding region that produces an early STOP codon. 16. According to the video above, what is the main obstacle in making silk from goat milk? A. The transgenic goats are not healthy and do not survive to adulthood. B. The transgenic goats do not produce the silk protein. C. It is difficult to purify the silk protein from goat milk. D. It is difficult to spin the silk protein into silk threads. 17. Who in this scenario qualifies as transgenic? The bacteria? The cow? A. The bacteria. B. The cow. C. Both. 18. What is true of CRISPR? A. It is a genome editing technique. B. It is based on a bacterial genome defense system. C. It holds promise for human gene therapy. D. All of these. 19. What is true of GM (genetically modified) corn? A. It is less nutritious than non-GM corn. B. It is less flavorful than non-GM corn. C. It is less genetically diverse than non-GM corn.
Madhur L.
Match one of the following terms with each of the descriptions given. Terms: (1) sigma ( $\sigma$ ) factor; (2) $\operatorname{poly}(\mathrm{A})$ tail; (3) TATAAT; (4) exons; (5) TATAAAA; (6) RNA polymerase III; (7) intron; (8) RNA polymerase $\mathrm{II}$ (9) heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA); (10) snRNA; (11) RNA polymerase I; (12) TTGACA; (13) GGCCAATCT (CAAT box). (a) Intervening sequence found in many eukaryotic genes. (b) $A$ conserved nucleotide sequence (-30) in eukaryotic promoters involved in the initiation of transcription. (c) Small RNA molecules that are located in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells, most as components of the spliceosome, that participate in the excision of introns from nuclear gene transcripts. (d) A sequence (-10) in the nontemplate strand of the promoters of $E$ coli that facilitates the localized unwinding of DNA when complexed with RNA polymerase. (e) The RNA polymerase in the nucleus that catalyzes the synthesis of all rRNAs except for the small $5 \mathrm{S}$ rRNA. (f) The subunit of prokaryotic RNA polymerase that is responsible for the initiation of transcription at promoters. (g) $\operatorname{An} E$. coli promoter sequence located 35 nucleotides upstream from the transcription-initiation site; it serves as a recognition site for the sigma factor. (h) The RNA polymerase in the nucleus that catalyzes the synthesis of the transfer RNA molecules and small nuclear RNAs. (i) A polyadenosine tract 20 to 200 nucleotides long that is added to the $3^{\prime}$ end of most eukaryotic messenger RNAs. (i) The RNA polymerase that transcribes nuclear genes that encode proteins. (k) $A$ conserved sequence in the nontemplate strand of eukaryotic promoters that is located about 80 nucleotides upstream from the transcription start site. (1) Segments of a eukaryotic gene that correspond to the sequences in the final processed RNA transcript of the gene. (m) The population of primary transcripts in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
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