Please choose the statement that correctly explains how an antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis can be selective. Multiple Choice Antibiotics prevent the synthesis of bacterial tRNAs but not eukaryotic tRNAs. Eukaryotic cells inactivate these antibiotics. Antibiotics prevent the synthesis of bacterial mRNAs but not eukaryotic mRNAs. Antibiotics bind to the 70S bacterial ribosomes but not to the 80S eukaryotic ribosomes. Eukaryotic cells are impermeable to these antibiotics so the antibiotics can't enter them.
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This means it should affect bacterial cells but not eukaryotic cells. Show more…
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The antibiotic rifamycin is selectively toxic in blocking protein synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis because Select one: a. bacterial ribosomes are 70s whereas host ribosome are 80s, thus the antibiotic binds to the M. tuberculosis ribosome but does not bind to the eukaryotic machinery. b. the drug binds to the initiator tRNA, preventing the formation of the protein synthesis initiation complex in the bacterial cell. c. the antibiotic binds to the mRNA once synthesized, preventing it from participating in the initiation complex with the ribosome. d. it binds preferentially to bacterial RNA polymerase rather than the eukaryotic protein, effectively halting transcription in the pathogen but not the host.
Sri K.
Explain why an antibiotic you might take can target and inhibit translation in bacteria (prokaryotes), but not affect translation in your own eukaryotic cells.
Antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria but have no effect on the synthesis of proteins encoded by eukaryotic nuclear genes (see Section 15.4 in Chapter 15 for a discussion of the effects of antibiotics on protein synthesis). Cycloheximide inhibits the synthesis of proteins encoded by nuclear genes but has no effect on bacterial protein synthesis. How might these compounds be used to determine which proteins are encoded by mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes?
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