00:01
Okay, we're looking at benign and malignant tumors.
00:04
What's the difference? is it a, in the malignant tumor, cells will divide uncontrollably, unlike the benign.
00:11
B, the malignant tumor can become a benign one, but not vice versa.
00:16
C, in a malignant tumor, epithelial cells may have broken through the basal lamina, or, d, in a malignant tumor, the ras and p53 genes are likely to be mutated.
00:30
Okay, so in either cases, these are tumors, okay? so in either case, we will have uncontrolled cell division, because we're getting a growth of a mass.
00:44
So it's not going to be a.
00:47
So what is the difference between malignant and benign? well, the big difference between malignant and benign is that a benign tumor is still going to be responding to cell signals.
01:00
And as a result, it is non -benign equals non -invasive.
01:07
Conversely, malignant means invasive.
01:11
What does this mean? well, it means if you look at a benign tumor, it should have a very regular surface, and it won't attach to other structures.
01:20
Whereas if you look at a malignant one, you'll find that it has an irregular surface, and you'll find invasions into the surrounding tissue.
01:27
Or if you imagine metastasis, a cancer is malignant, it undergoes metastasis, it spreads to other organs.
01:37
A benign tumor does not.
01:39
So this is the big difference.
01:42
There are others, for example, benign ones grow slower compared to malignant, and also if you look at the individual cells, a benign tumor has well -differentiated cells.
01:54
That means if you were to look at two liver tumors, one benign, one malignant.
02:00
The benign one, the cells would look like liver cells.
02:03
So the malignant one, they would look poorly differentiated...