please i want a summary of the introduction introductionit is well known that the optimal range

Name: please i want a summary of the introduction introductionit is well known that the optimal range for plant growth usually takes place within strict environmental conditions 1 thus the growth 43656
Uploaded: 2023-03-27T14:34:20-08:00
Duration: 1 min 26 s
Channel: Madhur L
Description: please i want a summary of the introduction introductionit is well known that the optimal range for plant growth usually takes place within strict environmental conditions 1 thus the growth 43656

The introduction discusses the impact of abiotic stresses, particularly thermal stress, on plant

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INTRODUCTION It is well known that the optimal range for plant growth usually takes place within strict environmental conditions [1]. Thus, the growth and production of plants may be limited by several abiotic stresses such as thermal stress [2]. Previous studies have reported that most plant species may only survive in a certain range of growth temperature because different plants have different optimal growth temperatures [3–5]. Therefore, plants with higher optimal temperatures may benefit most from higher temperatures, and meanwhile, plants with lower optimal temperatures are likely to suffer negative impacts and cause severe damage to plant production and/or crop yield when exposed to long-term higher temperatures such as global warming [6–8]. It has been demonstrated that the projected climate warming leads to profound impacts on global crop productivity through altering the physiological characteristics [9, 10] and biochemical traits of crops [11–13]. To understand the warming effect on agricultural production, it is necessary to examine the biochemical and photochemical processes (photosynthesis and respiration) and the temperature response of leaf photosynthesis and respiration, which are critical to leaf development, plant growth, canopy production due to diurnal and seasonal temperature variations [14, 15]. The temperature response of photosynthesis normally follows a bell-shaped curve with an optimum temperature [4, 16]. Previous studies have well demonstrated that plant species may adapt to temperature changes [17, 18], as indicated by the shifts in the optimal temperature and the improved photosynthetic rates at new growth temperatures [19, 20], and even different plant species may have different thermal acclimation capability [21–23]. In addition to leaf photosynthesis, the warming effect on the crop was also associated with the temperature response of leaf dark respiration, which normally follows an exponential curve and commonly features the exponential increase parameter or activation energy [19]. Leaf dark respiration may also acclimate to longer-term changes in temperature [24], which is characterized by an instantaneous response in the shape and/or base rate of plant respiration to growth temperature due mainly to the changes in mitochondrial abundance, protein composition, and electron transport rate [25]. Maize (Zea mays L.) is an economically important crop accounting for more than 30% of global cereal production. Several modeling studies have recently claimed that climate warming may decrease the maize yield in many regions all over the world [26, 27], including the North China Plain (NCP), which is one of the major regions for maize production in northern China [28] with about 40% of China's maize production [29]. This decreased maize yield in the NCP may be associated with leaf temperature response and sensitivity of photosynthesis and dark respiration of maize plants [26] under climate warming in this region. However, other studies have argued that climate warming may also lead to positive impacts on the yield of maize plants in some crop production regions, including the United States and China [29], because leaf photosynthesis increases with elevated temperature and reaches a maximum rate at an optimum temperature, and then declines at higher temperatures. Meanwhile, maize plants may physiologically adapt to climate warming through a shift in the optimum temperature for photosynthesis and a decline in the temperature sensitivity for dark respiration [20]. However, it is still unclear about the key processes and mechanisms determining the thermal acclimation of photosynthesis and dark respiration of plants, especially for the maize plants, one of the most important crops in the North China Plain under climate warming. The objectives of this study are to examine: (1) the temperature response and sensitivity of leaf photosynthesis and dark respiration of maize plants under field conditions; (2) the key mechanisms attributed to thermal acclimation associated with physiological and biochemical processes under future climate warming.

          INTRODUCTION
It is well known that the optimal range for plant growth usually takes place within strict environmental conditions [1]. Thus, the growth and production of plants may be limited by several abiotic stresses such as thermal stress [2]. Previous studies have reported that most plant species may only survive in a certain range of growth temperature because different plants have different optimal growth temperatures [3–5]. Therefore, plants with higher optimal temperatures may benefit most from higher temperatures, and meanwhile, plants with lower optimal temperatures are likely to suffer negative impacts and cause severe damage to plant production and/or crop yield when exposed to long-term higher temperatures such as global warming [6–8].

It has been demonstrated that the projected climate warming leads to profound impacts on global crop productivity through altering the physiological characteristics [9, 10] and biochemical traits of crops [11–13]. To understand the warming effect on agricultural production, it is necessary to examine the biochemical and photochemical processes (photosynthesis and respiration) and the temperature response of leaf photosynthesis and respiration, which are critical to leaf development, plant growth, canopy production due to diurnal and seasonal temperature variations [14, 15]. The temperature response of photosynthesis normally follows a bell-shaped curve with an optimum temperature [4, 16]. Previous studies have well demonstrated that plant species may adapt to temperature changes [17, 18], as indicated by the shifts in the optimal temperature and the improved photosynthetic rates at new growth temperatures [19, 20], and even different plant species may have different thermal acclimation capability [21–23]. In addition to leaf photosynthesis, the warming effect on the crop was also associated with the temperature response of leaf dark respiration, which normally follows an exponential curve and commonly features the exponential increase parameter or activation energy [19]. Leaf dark respiration may also acclimate to longer-term changes in temperature [24], which is characterized by an instantaneous response in the shape and/or base rate of plant respiration to growth temperature due mainly to the changes in mitochondrial abundance, protein composition, and electron transport rate [25].

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an economically important crop accounting for more than 30% of global cereal production. Several modeling studies have recently claimed that climate warming may decrease the maize yield in many regions all over the world [26, 27], including the North China Plain (NCP), which is one of the major regions for maize production in northern China [28] with about 40% of China's maize production [29]. This decreased maize yield in the NCP may be associated with leaf temperature response and sensitivity of photosynthesis and dark respiration of maize plants [26] under climate warming in this region. However, other studies have argued that climate warming may also lead to positive impacts on the yield of maize plants in some crop production regions, including the United States and China [29], because leaf photosynthesis increases with elevated temperature and reaches a maximum rate at an optimum temperature, and then declines at higher temperatures. Meanwhile, maize plants may physiologically adapt to climate warming through a shift in the optimum temperature for photosynthesis and a decline in the temperature sensitivity for dark respiration [20]. However, it is still unclear about the key processes and mechanisms determining the thermal acclimation of photosynthesis and dark respiration of plants, especially for the maize plants, one of the most important crops in the North China Plain under climate warming.

The objectives of this study are to examine: (1) the temperature response and sensitivity of leaf photosynthesis and dark respiration of maize plants under field conditions; (2) the key mechanisms attributed to thermal acclimation associated with physiological and biochemical processes under future climate warming.

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Biology for AP Courses

Julianne Zedalis, John Eggebrecht

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03/27/2023

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INTRODUCTION It is well known that the optimal range for plant growth usually takes place within strict environmental conditions [1]. Thus, the growth and production of plants may be limited by several abiotic stresses such as thermal stress [2]. Previous studies have reported that most plant species may only survive in a certain range of growth temperature because different plants have different optimal growth temperatures [3–5]. Therefore, plants with higher optimal temperatures may benefit most from higher temperatures, and meanwhile, plants with lower optimal temperatures are likely to suffer negative impacts and cause severe damage to plant production and/or crop yield when exposed to long-term higher temperatures such as global warming [6–8]. It has been demonstrated that the projected climate warming leads to profound impacts on global crop productivity through altering the physiological characteristics [9, 10] and biochemical traits of crops [11–13]. To understand the warming effect on agricultural production, it is necessary to examine the biochemical and photochemical processes (photosynthesis and respiration) and the temperature response of leaf photosynthesis and respiration, which are critical to leaf development, plant growth, canopy production due to diurnal and seasonal temperature variations [14, 15]. The temperature response of photosynthesis normally follows a bell-shaped curve with an optimum temperature [4, 16]. Previous studies have well demonstrated that plant species may adapt to temperature changes [17, 18], as indicated by the shifts in the optimal temperature and the improved photosynthetic rates at new growth temperatures [19, 20], and even different plant species may have different thermal acclimation capability [21–23]. In addition to leaf photosynthesis, the warming effect on the crop was also associated with the temperature response of leaf dark respiration, which normally follows an exponential curve and commonly features the exponential increase parameter or activation energy [19]. Leaf dark respiration may also acclimate to longer-term changes in temperature [24], which is characterized by an instantaneous response in the shape and/or base rate of plant respiration to growth temperature due mainly to the changes in mitochondrial abundance, protein composition, and electron transport rate [25]. Maize (Zea mays L.) is an economically important crop accounting for more than 30% of global cereal production. Several modeling studies have recently claimed that climate warming may decrease the maize yield in many regions all over the world [26, 27], including the North China Plain (NCP), which is one of the major regions for maize production in northern China [28] with about 40% of China's maize production [29]. This decreased maize yield in the NCP may be associated with leaf temperature response and sensitivity of photosynthesis and dark respiration of maize plants [26] under climate warming in this region. However, other studies have argued that climate warming may also lead to positive impacts on the yield of maize plants in some crop production regions, including the United States and China [29], because leaf photosynthesis increases with elevated temperature and reaches a maximum rate at an optimum temperature, and then declines at higher temperatures. Meanwhile, maize plants may physiologically adapt to climate warming through a shift in the optimum temperature for photosynthesis and a decline in the temperature sensitivity for dark respiration [20]. However, it is still unclear about the key processes and mechanisms determining the thermal acclimation of photosynthesis and dark respiration of plants, especially for the maize plants, one of the most important crops in the North China Plain under climate warming. The objectives of this study are to examine: (1) the temperature response and sensitivity of leaf photosynthesis and dark respiration of maize plants under field conditions; (2) the key mechanisms attributed to thermal acclimation associated with physiological and biochemical processes under future climate warming.