Sound waves hitting the eardrum set it into vibration. Trace the pathway through which vibrations and fluid currents travel to finally stimulate the hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti. Name the appropriate ear structures in their correct sequence.
eardrum
ossicles
oval window
cochlea
hair cells
Complete the following description of the static and dynamic equilibrium receptors by writing the key choices in the answer blanks.
KEY CHOICES:
angular
gravity
semicircular canals
cupula
perilymph
static
dynamic
proprioception
utricle
endolymph
saccule
vision
The receptors for (1) equilibrium are found in the crista ampullaris of the (2). These receptors respond to changes in (3) motion. When motion begins, the (4) fluid lags behind and the (5) is bent, which excites the hair cells. When the motion stops suddenly, the fluid flows in the opposite direction and again stimulates the hair cells. The receptors for (6) equilibrium are found in the maculae of the (7) and (8). These receptors report on the position of the head in space. Tiny stones found in a gel overlying the hair cells roll in response to the pull of (9). As they roll, the gel moves and tugs on the hair cells, exciting them. Besides the equilibrium receptors of the inner ear, the senses of (10) and (11) are also important in helping maintain equilibrium.