Question 11 (2 points) The parathyroid hormone (PTH) is important in the regulation of: lodine and bromine Calcium and phosphate Acid and alkaline phosphatase Zinc and magnesium Question 12 (2 points) A patient has the following test results: Increased serum phosphorus level, decrease serum calcium level, and decreased serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level. This patient MOST likely has: Hyperparathyroidism q, Hypoparathyroidism Hypercalcemia Hypokalemia
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Questions: Ernest's abnormal blood calcium levels indicate there may be a problem with a particular endocrine gland. Which gland is the doctor likely concerned about? Where is it located? Calcium is crucial for the proper function of a number of body systems, so blood levels must be tightly controlled. Predict the three body systems that are most affected by abnormal calcium. What is PTH? What is its function and how does it carry out that function? The following questions pertain to the regulation of calcium levels in the blood. a. Use your text or websites to find the normal range of blood (serum) calcium in adults (express your answer in mg/dL). b. Are Ernest's calcium levels of 11.8 mg/dL and 11.3 mg/dL too high (a condition known as hypercalcemia) or too low (hypocalcemia)? c. Based on Ernest's calcium levels, draw and explain a homeostatic feedback loop that shows what should normally happen between calcium levels, the PTH-secreting gland, and PTH levels. d. Assume that Ernest's PTH-secreting gland is not functioning as it should. Based on your answer regarding his calcium levels in part (b), predict whether his PTH levels are likely to be increased or decreased. Explain your answer (include a feedback loop). e. Suppose the patient in the adjacent ER bed had a calcium level of 10.1 mg/dL and normal gland function. How would her PTH level compare to Ernest's? Explain your answer. f. What might you conclude if Ernest's PTH levels are within normal limits (not too high and not too low)? Explain your answer. 5. Given your answer to question 4(d), research the typical signs and symptoms you might observe in a patient who has PTH levels like Ernest. Which of these does he exhibit? Predict how the abnormal gland activity could be related to his signs and symptoms. 6. If the doctor's suspicions are correct, what is the most common method of treating Ernest's condition? What are the potential risks or side effects?
Supreeta N.
Ms. Brown has come into the doctor's office because of her insomnia. "I'm having such a problem sleeping. And since I'm not sleeping right, I'm tired all the time and I get these terrible mood swings. The only good thing is that I seem to be losing weight." You notice as you take Ms. Brown's vitals that her face is flushed and moist with perspiration. Her blood pressure and heart rate are high. Blood tests show high T4 levels and low TSH. As part of her treatment, Ms. Brown undergoes a surgical procedure to remove the entire thyroid gland. Unfortunately, this procedure also removes the parathyroid glands embedded in the thyroid, resulting in hypoparathyroidism. As a result of hypoparathyroidism, Ms. Brown's new lab findings will likely show which of the following? (Select all that apply) A. hypercalcemia B. hypocalcemia C. hypophosphatemia D. hyperphosphatemia E. hyperphosphaturia (increased phosphate in the urine). If the iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism is left untreated, Ms. Brown may experience which of the following symptoms? Select all that apply. A. muscle spasms, tetany B. osteoporosis and bone fractures C. excess bone resorption D. dry skin.
Adi S.
The patient is a 22-year-old male who was admitted to the hospital for a spiral fracture of his right fibula. Patient history revealed a sedentary lifestyle with poor nutritional habits. He is a focused university student who studies 18 hours a day and eats very little when stressed. For the last three weeks, he reported general weakness and body pains. The trauma occurred when he jumped down three stairs while running to his final exam before Christmas. The physician was concerned about potential physiological factors weakening the bone and ordered blood tests and a hormone panel. The results of the blood report are shown below: Calcium -- LOW Bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP-2) -- ELEVATED Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) -- NORMAL Aldosterone (Normal Sodium Diet Adult) -- NORMAL Cortisol -- NORMAL Calcitonin -- NORMAL Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) -- ELEVATED Thyroxine (T4 free serum) -- NORMAL Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) -- NORMAL Vitamin D - Cholecalciferol -- LOW Insulin -- NORMAL Glucagon -- NORMAL QUESTIONS 1. How are the blood results different from normal? 2. Which hormones are related to this system? What does each one do? 3. Which glands could be responsible for this dysregulation? Explain. 4. How does alkaline phosphatase relate to this system? 5. What is the significance of the calcium blood test results? 6. What is the significance of the ALP-2 test results? 7. What is your final diagnosis? Explain exactly what you think is happening in this patient.
Madhur L.
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