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Question 17 Read the extract below. Long before the development of agricultural crops, South African villagers would pick the sweetest and largest fruits of the marula tree and scatter them around their camps. The seeds of these fruit would germinate and grow into fruit-bearing trees. The best fruit would then be chosen from these trees and the process would be repeated. In recent times, farmers use a process called marcotting. This invoives peeling away the bark in one area around a branch. This area is stimulated to form roots. The branch is then removed from the tree and planted in the soil to produce more marula trees. 17.1 Name the characteristics that the villagers were selecting. 17.2 Explain how this practice is an example of artificial selection. 17.3 Give ONE environmental factor that couid affect the characteristics named in QUESTION 17.3. 17.4 Explain ONE disadvantage of a plantation of marula trees grown through marcotting compared to a population of marula trees that have reproduced naturally. 17.5 Explain whether the fruits from marcotted maruia trees could be classified as genetically modified (GM). 17.6 State TWO benefits of genetic modification. Question 18 Differentiate between a population and a species, describe speciation by geographic isolation and explain how speciation and extinction affect biodiversity. Content: (17) Synthesis: \( \quad(3) \) (20)

          Question 17
Read the extract below.
Long before the development of agricultural crops, South African villagers would pick the sweetest and largest fruits of the marula tree and scatter them around their camps. The seeds of these fruit would germinate and grow into fruit-bearing trees. The best fruit would then be chosen from these trees and the process would be repeated.
In recent times, farmers use a process called marcotting. This invoives peeling away the bark in one area around a branch. This area is stimulated to form roots. The branch is then removed from the tree and planted in the soil to produce more marula trees.
17.1 Name the characteristics that the villagers were selecting.
17.2 Explain how this practice is an example of artificial selection.
17.3 Give ONE environmental factor that couid affect the characteristics named in QUESTION 17.3.
17.4 Explain ONE disadvantage of a plantation of marula trees grown through marcotting compared to a population of marula trees that have reproduced naturally.
17.5 Explain whether the fruits from marcotted maruia trees could be classified as genetically modified (GM).
17.6 State TWO benefits of genetic modification.

Question 18
Differentiate between a population and a species, describe speciation by geographic isolation and explain how speciation and extinction affect biodiversity.
Content: (17)
Synthesis: \( \quad(3) \)
(20)

Question 17
Read the extract below.
Long before the development of agricultural crops, South African villagers would pick the sweetest and largest fruits of the marula tree and scatter them around their camps. The seeds of these fruit would germinate and grow into fruit-bearing trees. The best fruit would then be chosen from these trees and the process would be repeated.
In recent times, farmers use a process called marcotting. This invoives peeling away the bark in one area around a branch. This area is stimulated to form roots. The branch is then removed from the tree and planted in the soil to produce more marula trees.
17.1 Name the characteristics that the villagers were selecting.
17.2 Explain how this practice is an example of artificial selection.
17.3 Give ONE environmental factor that couid affect the characteristics named in QUESTION 17.3.
17.4 Explain ONE disadvantage of a plantation of marula trees grown through marcotting compared to a population of marula trees that have reproduced naturally.
17.5 Explain whether the fruits from marcotted maruia trees could be classified as genetically modified (GM).
17.6 State TWO benefits of genetic modification.

Question 18
Differentiate between a population and a species, describe speciation by geographic isolation and explain how speciation and extinction affect biodiversity.
Content: (17)
Synthesis: (3)
(20)

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