Texts: Question 2. Female with chronic Renal disorder 10 Marks Case study Sana is a 50-year-old female with CKD Stage 4 secondary to Diabetes Mellitus. Her doctor is preparing to put her on dialysis. Height: 5'6" and weight is 165 lb Her laboratory investigation revealed elevated BUN and Creatinine levels. She visited her doctor with low urine output. The examination revealed a 9-pound weight gain, she has swelling in her feet and ankles. i. Write down a list of food from five food groups Ms. Sana should avoid in her meal. ii. Based on the National Kidney Foundation guidelines, how would you estimate her calorie needs? iii. Her doctor starts her on Dialysis, how much protein would she need each day? iv. Explain why patients with CKD need to follow some restrictions in their diet? Justify your answers with examples.
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A 52-year-old female with a 25-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus submits a 24-hour urine collection for testing. A blood sample was also collected when she brought the urine specimen to the lab. The following information and results are obtained: Patient Information Height: 5'5" (165 cm) Weight: 160 lb (72.7 kg) Results Creatinine, serum: 2.3 mg/dL Urine volume, 24 hour: 1000 mL Creatinine, urine: 190 mg/dL Albumin, urine: 9.5 mg/dL Reference Values 0.8-1.3 mg/dL 600-1800 mL/day varies with hydration varies with hydration 1. Determine this patient's body surface area. 2. Calculate the creatinine clearance result using the data provided (do not use age and sex). 3. Calculate the albumin excretion in milligrams per day (mg/day). 4. Calculate the albumin excretion in micrograms per minute (ug/min). 5. Calculate the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio in micrograms albumin per milligram of creatinine (ug albumin/mg creatinine).
Sri K.
Question: Which of the samples indicates kidney disease? The identification of proteins and sugars in urine samples can reveal kidney disease. You will analyze four different samples for indications of disease. Biuret reagent can be used to identify proteins by reacting with the peptide bonds joining amino acids together, producing color changes from blue (indicating no protein) to pink or purple. Benedict’s solution can be used to identify sugars, such as glucose. The color chart below summarizes the quantitative results obtained when reducing sugars, such as glucose, react with Benedict’s solution. Colour of Benedict’s Solution Blue Light Green Green to Yellow Orange Red to Red-Brown Approximate % of glucose Negative 0.5% - 1.0% 1.0% - 1.5% 1.5% - 2.0% + 2.0% Observations: Sample Benedict’s Solution Biuret Solution Urine Sample Colour pH W Red Blue Pale 7 X Blue Blue Dark 5 Y Blue Blue Pale 7 Z Blue Purple Pale 7 Questions: Which sample indicates diabetes mellitus? Provide a reason for your answer. Which sample indicates diabetes insipidus? Provide a reason for your answer. Which sample indicates Bright’s disease? Provide a reason for your answer. Which sample could indicate a tremendous loss of body water while exercising? Provide a reason for your answer? Suggest a treatment for diabetes mellitus. Suggest a treatment for diabetes insipidus. Why is Bright’s disease difficult to treat?
Patients with chronic kidney failure may be treated by dialysis, in which a machine removes toxic wastes from the blood, a function normally performed by the kidneys. Kidney failure and dialysis can cause other changes, such as retention of phosphorus, that must be corrected by changes in diet. A study of the nutrition of dialysis patients measured the level of phosphorus in the blood of several patients on six occasions. Here are the data for one patient (in milligrams of phosphorus per deciliter of blood): 5.3, 5.2, 4.4, 4.8, 5.6, 6.3. The measurements are separated in time and can be considered an SRS of the patient's blood phosphorus level. Assume that this level varies normally with σ = 0.9 mg/dl. (Round your answers to three decimal places.) Give a 95% confidence interval for the mean blood phosphorus level. (_______________, _______________)
Adi S.
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