Question 3 (20 points) Discuss the following claims:
a. "The growth of per capita GDP has accelerated in the course of the past 100 years, and more so in the past 50 years, mainly because of the demographic transition that resulted in a slower growth rate of the population."
b. "The government should not intervene in the provision of immunizations for infectious diseases, since immunizations are a rival good, and there is excludability."
In the discussion, explain what is the "rival non-rival" distinction, and likewise for excludability, and how they relate to "public goods.