Question 3 What physiological effects does vasopressin exert on the kidneys? (DCT=Distal convoluted tubule; CD=collecting duct) Removes water channels (aquaporins) from the DCT and CD. This increases urine volume Inserts additional water channels into the DCT and. This decreases urine volume Removes Na+/K+ pumps from the DCT/CD. This decreases sodium reabsorption into the capillaries. Inserts additional Na+/K+ pumps into the DCT. This increases sodium reabsorption into the capillaries.
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The distal nephron is able to fine-tune sodium and water balance because it can regulate reabsorption of sodium and water independently of each other. This is unlike the proximal nephron, where an increase in sodium reabsorption will lead to an increase in water reabsorption due to the creation of an osmotic gradient and free permeability to both sodium and water. How does vasopressin affect water reabsorption in the distal nephron in response to a negative water balance? a) Increased circulating vasopressin increases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane. b) Increased circulating vasopressin decreases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane. c) Decreased circulating vasopressin increases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane. d) Decreased circulating vasopressin decreases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane.
Adi S.
38. A drug that promotes the exocytosis of aquaporin-carrying vesicles into the apical membrane of the cells of the renal collecting ducts will likely lead to: a. An increase in urine volume b. A decrease in urine volume c. An increase in urine volume and a decrease in urine osmolarity d. A decrease in urine volume and an increase in urine osmolarity 39. When a person eats a high-salt meal, feels thirst, and then drinks lots of water, which of the following will happen (at least temporarily)? a. Blood volume and blood pressure will decrease b. Blood volume and blood pressure will increase c. Blood volume will decrease, and blood pressure will increase d. Blood volume will increase, and blood pressure will decrease 40. When a person eats a high-salt meal and does not drink water, which of the following will happen? a. Vasopressin secretion will increase due to the decrease in plasma osmolarity b. Vasopressin secretion will decrease due to the increase in plasma osmolarity c. Vasopressin secretion will increase due to the increase in plasma osmolarity d. Vasopressin secretion will decrease due to the decrease in plasma osmolarity
Madhur L.
Anti-diuretic hormone is also known as Vasopressin. Vasopressin is a peptide made in the cell bodies of hypothalamic neurons and released from the axon terminals of those neurons. Vasopressin inserts water channels into epithelial cells forming the wall of the collecting duct (part of the nephron) via a cAMP signaling mechanism and plays an important role in water balance by regulating how much water is reabsorbed by the kidneys. When vasopressin is present, water reabsorption in the kidneys increases. Neurons that release vasopressin contain osmoreceptors and are under negative feedback control. Vasopressin also causes constriction of peripheral blood vessels through its actions on smooth muscle cells surrounding the vessel to increase blood pressure. For the following statements, mark True or False. Decreased blood volume will cause a decrease in vasopressin release. Group of answer choices True False
Jennifer S.
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