QUESTION 40
From the bacteria's perspective, why is it helpful that it produces diarrhea in people?
A.
Because that quickly kills the person
B.
Because it makes the patient too unpleasant to be around
C.
Because there is no real treatment for that
D.
It's not helpful really. That's just what that toxin causes.
E.
Because it gets the bacteria out of the person and, likely, into the next one
QUESTION 41
There are chemical signals that call on non-infected cells to help fight a virus. Which are they?
A.
Complement proteins
B.
B cells
C.
Natural killer cells
D.
Interferons
E.
Macrophages
QUESTION 42
Where do prions come from?
A.
Contaminated water.
B.
They are clumps which form from normal prion-like particles in the blood that travel to the brain.
C.
There are prion-like particles in the brain normally, and when these become abnormal they can cause disease.
D.
Mosquitoes.
E.
They are introduced by infectious protozoa.
QUESTION 43
Protozoa cause which of these diseases?
A.
Gonorrhea, tuberculosis, strep throat, staph infections
B.
Giardiasis, malaria, sleeping sickness
C.
Degenerative brain diseases
D.
Influenza, chicken pox, the common cold
E.
Athlete's foot, ring worm, yeast infections
QUESTION 44
Where do antibiotics typically come from?
A.
Plants
B.
They are gotten from or modeled after chemicals various organisms make and use to kill bacteria.
C.
They are extracted from microorganisms who make them to kill other microorganisms.
D.
They are genetically engineered in labs to kill specific pathogens.
E.
They are engineered in labs to kill specific pathogens.
QUESTION 45
If you get a splinter in your finger and the area gets red, swollen, and sore, what is happening?
A.
A bacterial infection has defeated your immune system.
B.
By making the area painful, your immune system ensures you don't contaminate it further.
C.
Your body is producing the inflammatory response to fight and contain any infection.
D.
Your body is fighting an infection by concentrating somewhat acidic fluid in the area.
E.
Bacteria are rapidly multiplying in the area.
QUESTION 46
If your immune system has memory cells for every cold virus you've ever had, why can you still catch colds?
A.
Memory cells don't last very long.
B.
Viral infections suppress one's immune response.
C.
Memory cells only work on bacteria.
D.
Cold viruses change so quickly that memory cells from previous colds won't recognize the new versions.
E.
Memory cells aren't produced in response to a viral infection.
QUESTION 47
What do helper T cells do?
A.
Detect foreign invaders
B.
Enhance B-cell responses
C.
Alert other T cells that there is an infection
D.
Increase the response of cytotoxic T cells
E.
All of the above
QUESTION 48
Which of the following is one of the non-specific internal defense mechanisms your body has?
A.
Macrophages
B.
Natural killer cells
C.
Interferons
D.
Complement proteins
E.
All of the above
QUESTION 49
Why is it actually fairly difficult to get a urinary tract infection?
A.
There are few bacteria which are capable of attaching to the tract wall.
B.
Urine is slightly acidic.
C.
Urine contains antimicrobial enzymes.
D.
Generally, the flowing urine keeps the tract free of bacteria.
E.
The "good" bacteria in urine keeps any pathogens at bay.
QUESTION 50
Your girlfriend seems quite thin and is a cheerleader so she gets plenty of exercise. She hardly seems to eat when you go out though, and in addition to team practices, she spends a great deal of time exercising and expresses concern about her weight. Which eating disorder might you suspect?
A.
Obesity
B.
Binge-eating disorder
C.
Bulimia nervosa
D.
Not so much an eating disorder as just an obsession
E.
Anorexia nervosa