Question 44 In studying cultural evolution, many people find the idea of a 'meme' to be problematic because It is hard to break down culture into units and define what a meme actually is Culture cannot be inherited Natural selection cannot act on culture Richard Dawkins is an atheist
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"Question 13 1 pts Although scientists widely accepted Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and common descent; one of the major problems proposed and discussed was how to account for complex structures and multiple; intricate parts. Why was this seen as a problem?"
Madhur L.
Compare today's changing culture to biological evolution by means of natural selection. How are they similar? How are they different? Can you think of examples of knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors that were appropriate in one set of conditions but that humans selocted against as conditions changed?
The main difference between Darwin's theory of evolution and Lamarck's theory of evolution is that Lamarck's was proposed before people were ready to believe in evolution. Darwin did not incorporate the notion of God into his theory. Lamarck did not incorporate the notion of God into his theory. Lamarck did not believe that individuals varied. Darwin believed change occurred from one generation to the next while Lamarck believed change occurred during individuals' lifetimes. The problem with Lamarck's proposal of the inheritance of acquired characteristics was that the Earth was very old. The Earth was not very old. Individuals do not acquire characteristics during their lifetimes. Nobody read his works. Evolution had already been proposed. The reason described in the lectures for why elephants do not have wings is based upon the constraint of small population sizes. Disequilibrium. Physics and chemistry. Correlated characters. Natural selection not being able to look ahead. What eventually prompted Charles Darwin to publish his theory of natural selection? His wife finally made peace with the proposal. His father passed away. He completed further research into the forces of evolution. Someone else developed the same theory. He became financially secure. Someone studying the remains of an Egyptian city from 2,000 B.C. would probably be working from the perspective of archaeology. Cultural Anthropology. Physical Anthropology. Linguistic Anthropology. Ethnology. Suppose that the drought observed on Daphne Major affected other islands in the Galapagos chain as well. Imagine that tortoises on a nearby island spend more time in the water when food becomes scarce. Smaller individuals are more likely to die in the water since they do not have as much strength to combat the swirling currents. What would you expect size of the tortoises be many generations after the drought conditions went away? Size would stay large since a drought could occur in the future. Size would stay large since variation for small individuals would be all used up. Size would stay large since bigger is always better. Size would return to pre-drought conditions since there are costs to having a large body size. Size would return to pre-drought conditions since natural selection often has an ideal in mind which is very difficult to change unless the environment undergoes a radical shift. Who argued that God was responsible for the design of organisms? Erasmus Darwin. Charles Lyell. William Paley. Thomas Malthus. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. As described in the lectures, prairie dogs have few predators. Live in populations that are not subject to natural selection. Who are more aware of predators may have an evolutionary advantage. Can grow quite large, sometimes up to 30 pounds. Often attack people playing golf. What happened to beak size of the ground finches on the Galapagos during the drought conditions? Beak size increased. Beak size decreased. Beak size remained the same since the environment did not change. Beak size remained the same since all birds could eat the large seeds. None of the above. An important implication of Darwin's third postulate (about inheritance) as described in lectures and the textbook is that parents with successful variations pass them on to offspring. Successful variations become more numerous in successive generations. Offspring see how their parents have adapted to the environment and copy them. All of the above. (b) and (c) above.
Adi S.
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