Question 7: Intense or repetitive sun exposure can lead to skin cancer. Patterns of sun exposure, however, differ between men and women. A study of the presence of cutaneous malignant melanoma at a single body location among Italians found that 15% of skin cancers are located on the head and neck area, 41% are located on the trunk, and the remaining 44% are located on the limbs. Moreover, 44% of the individuals with a skin cancer on the head are men, as are 63% of those with skin cancer on the trunk and 20% of those with skin cancer on the limbs. 1. What percent of individuals with skin cancer on the head are women? 2. What percent of individuals with skin cancer on the trunk are women? 3. What percent of individuals with skin cancer on the limbs are women? 4. What is the probability that a randomly selected individual with skin cancer is a woman with cancer on the limbs? 5. What is the probability that a randomly selected individual with skin cancer is a woman?
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Calculate the percentage of individuals with skin cancer at a single body location who are women. 15% of skin cancers are located on the head and neck area, so the percentage of women with skin cancer at a single body location is 15%. Show moreā¦
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Sri K.
3. Skin cancer is multifactorial and can result from numerous different combinations of causes. Let us restrict ourselves to the following three: Fair skin + Family history + Living at high altitude + Inadequate sunscreen use Moles + Tanning salon use + History of sunburns + Inadequate sunscreen use Family history + Precancerous lesions + History of sunburns + Inadequate sunscreen use for the purpose of this exercise, we will assume these are the only possible ways to get skin cancer. In a population of 100 people, researchers found the following distribution of risk factors for skin cancer: # people with combination Fair skin Family History High Altitude Inadequate Sunscreen Moles Tanning Salon History of Sunburns Precancerous Lesions Probability of disease 12 ā ā ā ā 100% 15 ā ā ā 0% 6 ā ā ā 0% 14 ā ā ā ā 100% 9 ā ā ā ā ā ā 0% 18 ā ā ā 0% 10 ā ā ā ā 100% 16 ā ā ā 0% 30% of the population had a history of sunburns and 70% had no history of sunburns. Is any of the causes listed above necessary and/or sufficient to cause skin cancer on a population level? Calculate the probability of skin cancer among those with a history of sunburns. Calculate the probability of skin cancer among those without a history of sunburns. Now construct a 2 x 2 table for the exposure of history of sunburns and the outcome of skin cancer. Skin cancer No skin cancer Total Sunburns No sunburns Total Calculate and interpret the risk ratio and its 95% confidence interval.
Use Figure 4, which summarizes the age at which people are diagnosed with melanoma (skin cancer), to answer questions 7-10. Figure 4. Percent of New Cases of Melanoma by Age Group. 7. What is the median age of diagnosis of melanoma? _______ 8. If someone got melanoma at the age that you answered above, would this likely impact how many children they will have in their lifetime? Why/why not? 9. UV light can cause melanoma but recall that it also decreases folate levels in the blood. Let's say someone got folate deficiency from too much UV light. Would this likely impact how many children this person will have in their lifetime? Why/why not? 10. Think about your answers above. Does protection from skin cancer explain the strong selective pressure for dark skin in high-UV areas? Why/why not?
Keemin L.
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