00:02
So what we're looking at today is depolarization and hyperpolarization of a post -ynaptic membrane, as well as neurotransmitters and synapses and the receptors that these neurotransmitters bind to.
00:20
So if we draw out, so if we were to draw our membrane, draw our membrane, and on the outside we would have, our potassium ions.
00:41
Here, let me just draw that again.
00:42
It's not looking so good.
00:44
So we have our membrane on the outside, our potassium ions.
00:55
On the inside, we have our sodium ions.
01:01
And what happens is we have these sodium potassium pumps, the sodium ion channels, sodium potassium ion channels, located throughout the membrane so we have these little divvits that allow for potassium to go outside and for potassium we have these other divvits that operate the same way but then these go through these channels and they're able to go inside here let me put make that in red for you so it's easier to depict they have these potassium going inside, and you have these sodium going outside.
01:49
And what happens is that over time, more and more and more sodium ions start going out and out and out.
02:01
And this allow, and this electrical gradient begins to shift.
02:07
And for the most part, our bodies want to maintain a negative.
02:10
A negative voltage of our electrical gradient.
02:16
So when you have too many sodium ions going outside, it starts to get a little too negative.
02:21
So what happens is you have potassium ions, which are more positive than sodium.
02:27
So they have a higher positive energy.
02:31
And as sodium ions go out, you have these potassium ions going back inside the membrane to allow the negative, the overall negative charge balance that we want to restabilize.
02:48
So you have sodium going out...