Researchers out of the University of Iowa and Peking University found that backwards planning had more positive outcomes than forward planning. Which of the following are true to the relationship between backwards planning and success in achieving participants' goals (check all that apply):
Backwards planning enhanced participants' perceptions of goal achievement
Participants were more motivated to achieve their goal
Goal expectancy is greater with backwards planning than forward planning
Focusing on the end goal allowed participants to use their imagination to think of future events as if they already happened