Review the measurements in the CBC. For each abnormal value, describe what physiological effect it might have on the patient. Connect each of your descriptions to one or more of the symptoms Harold has been experiencing.
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- For example, let's assume the CBC shows an elevated white blood cell count (leukocytosis), a low hemoglobin level (anemia), and a high platelet count (thrombocytosis). Show more…
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MARK'S NORMAL Arterial Oxygen 52 Torr 80-100 Torr Arterial Carbon Dioxide 30 Torr 35-45 Torr Arterial pH 7.23 7.38-7.44 Hematocrit 58% 42-52% Arterial glucose 102 mg/100ml 60-110 mg/100ml Urea Nitrogen (BUN) 12 mg/100ml 7-14 mg/100ml Creatinine 1.1 mg/100ml 1-1.5 mg/100ml Potassium 4.0 meq/L 3.5-5.0 meq/L Sodium 145 meq/L 136-145 meq/L Bicarbonate 18 meq/L 20-24 meq/L Chloride 100 meq/L 98-106 meq/L No prescription medications or other pharmacological agents were found. PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS Inspired Oxygen Tension 147 Torr 150 Torr Vapor Pressure 45 Torr 47 Torr Alveolar Oxygen 110 Torr 98-104 Torr RQ 0.66 0.78-0.82 Torr Tidal Volume 0.4 L 0.5 L HEART RATE: 88 bpm (normal: 60-90 bpm) BLOOD PRESSURE: 105/60 (normal: 110-120/60-80 mm Hg) Questions: 1. Are the results as you expected? What values agree/disagree with your predictions? 2. Which lab values appear to represent the most serious problem Mark is having? Is his situation life-threatening? 3. Compare the results of Alveolar Oxygen Tension to Arterial Oxygen levels. What might cause this type of discrepancy? 4. Overall, what do these findings tell you about possible diagnoses for Mark's condition?
Adi S.
Raymond Harrison, a 64-year-old male, was admitted to the hospital with fever, shaking chills, a nonproductive cough, and chest pain for 6 days. A chest X-ray revealed extensive accumulation of fluid in both lungs. The patient had mild hypertension (high blood pressure) and a smoking history of 275 packs per year. A physical exam revealed a blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg and a body temperature of 101.8°F. The patient was cyanotic (looked blue) and in respiratory distress. The patient's heart rate was elevated at 100 beats per minute. An arterial blood gas test was performed, and the oxygen saturation of the arterial blood was found to be 72% (normal would be 94-100%). The blood test revealed an elevated white blood cell count. Initial treatment consisted of antibiotics and bronchodilators. 1. An arterial "blood gas test" was performed to measure oxygen levels. Explain why the blood was taken from an artery and not from a vein. 2. In the blood gas test, the oxygen measurement is reported as saturation. How is oxygen carried in the blood, and what exactly is being saturated with oxygen? 3. Why does this person have low oxygen saturation? What is preventing him from having saturations in the normal range? 4. How does the abnormal oxygen saturation value relate to the patient's cyanotic (blue) appearance? 5. How does the abnormal oxygen saturation value relate to the patient's elevated heart rate?
Madhur L.
The case: - 1. Mr. Robert complains of a shortage of breathing, listlessness, and loss of body weight. He went to a hospital to consult a physician and for a checkup. During the examination, the doctor observed anemia and suggested blood parameter evaluations. Accordingly, in the clinical laboratory department, the phlebotomist drew his blood. Following standard hematology lab methods RBC count, PCV, hemoglobin estimation, and differential white blood cell count were determined. The results obtained were: - RBC: 3 million/cubic milliliters of blood PCV: 28% Hemoglobin: 9 g/dl Differential white blood cell count · Eosinophils =7% · Neutrophils = 61% · Monocytes=5% · Lymphocytes =26% · Basophils = 1% Compare the blood values given above with the normal values and identify the parameters as normal/below or above normal. What kind of information would you get about the blood of Mr. Robert; by knowing the value of RBC, PCV, and hemoglobin? The differential white blood cell count indicates Eosinophils are above the normal range, what are the possible reasons for this increase? 2. Mr. Hegde was diagnosed with stomach cancer and the Surgeon recommended the removal of most of the stomach. Hegde and his wife agreed with the decision of the surgeon and the stomach was surgically removed. As part of the postoperative treatment, a regular injection of vitamin B12 was recommended. A. What is the importance of recommending vitamin B12? Explain B. If we are not getting the daily recommended amount of vitamin B12 from the diet; can it affect the RBC or WBC of blood? Explain 3. Mr. David has been exposed to smallpox. He was worried about the situation and visited a medical doctor. The doctor takes a blood sample, and an antibody titer was done in the medical lab. The result indicated an elevated level of IgM antibodies to the smallpox virus and very few IgG antibodies. Compare and contrast the two types of antibodies mentioned (structure and function). Is it a primary exposure or secondary exposure to this virus? explain?
Supreeta N.
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