Ryan is a 42-year-old male who has been experiencing bloating and either diarrhea or constipation within a few hours of eating at least once a week for the past two years. Certain foods seem to trigger his symptoms more than others, with dairy being the biggest trigger. Ryan has lost weight because he's afraid to eat and incur these uncomfortable symptoms. At his wife's urging, Ryan finally went to see his doctor and has been diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and lactose intolerance.
Question 2: Ryan's doctor has suggested that he try a low-FODMAP diet to alleviate his IBS symptoms. Explain what FODMAPs are, some food sources of FODMAPs, and how a diet low in them may help Ryan. Support your answer with data, facts, key terminology, specific examples, and other information drawn from the textbook and at least one other supplemental source.