salmeteral albuterol • futicasone 16. The prescriber has changed the patient's medication regimen to include montelukast to treat asthma. The nurse will emphasize which point about this medication? • The patient needs to always keep it close by to treat acute asthma attacks. When the asthma symptoms improve, the dosage schedule can be tapered and eventually discontinued. • It needs to be taken every day on a continuous schedule, even if symptoms improve. • The proper technique for inhalation must be followed.
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Montelukast is not a rescue medication: Unlike albuterol, montelukast is not used to treat acute asthma attacks. It is a controller medication that is used to prevent asthma attacks. Therefore, the patient does not need to always keep it close by to treat acute Show more…
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Twenty-one-year-old Lisa Long has been suffering from asthma and is now experiencing an asthma attack while taking an afternoon walk with her sister. It is a cold, windy, early spring weekend. She complains of acute shortness of breath and has audible wheezing, episodic cough, and chest tightness with itchy red watery eyes and a stuffy, runny, itchy nose. These symptoms become worse within 5 minutes. Her sister called 000 and paramedics promptly attended to Lisa, who was fully conscious, appeared wide-eyed and frightened, and unable to breathe effectively. She was immediately transferred to the nearest hospital for full respiratory function assessment and treatment of acute asthma. A physical test reveals a heart rate (HR) of 120/min, respiratory rate (RR) of 38/min, with signs of accessory muscle use. Chest auscultation reveals decreased breath sounds bilaterally, with inspiratory and expiratory wheezes. Lisa is coughing up small amounts of thin, clear sputum and has an arterial oxygen saturation of 90%. Nebulized salbutamol, oxygen by facial mask, and systemic corticosteroid were administered. A second small-volume nebulizer treatment was ordered 20 minutes later. Chest auscultation revealed diminished wheezes; RR was 24 at this time and HR was 102. Over the next 24 hours, Lisa showed steady improvement and was discharged for follow-up with her local GP to review her asthma action plan and change any medications as needed to help prevent future exacerbations. Question 3/1. List two factors that could have triggered Lisa's acute asthma attack and explain the link between the named factors and her asthma. (4 marks) Question 3/2. Explain the pathophysiological steps leading to an acute asthma attack. In your answer, you are expected to link type 1 hypersensitivity reaction to the role of histamine in acute asthma. (4 marks) Question 3/3. Briefly explain the mechanisms of action of (i) salbutamol and (ii) corticosteroids in the treatment of acute asthma and describe their benefits in Lisa's condition. (4 marks) Question 3/4. Explain the mechanism of action of anticholinergic/anti-parasympathetic medications and their potential benefit(s) in asthma treatment. (3 marks).
Sri K.
Jenny is a 13-year old middle school student who was diagnosed with asthma when she was younger. Though she doesn't suffer from asthmatic attacks often, her doctor prescribed an inhaler containing albuterol. She enjoys running and would like to join the cross-country team. a. Will exercise exacerbate her asthma symptoms? b. Discuss how asthma affects the respiratory system and the mechanism by which Albuterol works. c. What are other factors that she must address that may exacerbate her symptoms? d. How would you accommodate her exercise to account for her diagnosis?
Albuterol, shown here, is a commonly prescribed asthma medication. For either enantiomer of albuterol, draw a three-dimensional formula using dashes and wedges for bonds that are not in the plane of the paper. Choose a perspective that allows as many carbon atoms as possible to be in the plane of the paper, and show all unshared electron pairs and hydrogen atoms (except those on the methyl groups labeled Me). Specify the ( $R, S$ ) configuration of the enantiomer you drew. (FIGURE CANT COPY)
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