The number of oxygen molecules that a hemoglobin molecule can carry depends on: A. The concentration of heme in the molecules B. The number of polypeptide chains C. The number of iron atoms D. The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chains E. The concentration of basophils 2. When blood flows through areas where the oxygen concentration is low: A. The hemoglobin binds oxygen B. CO2 is released into the tissues C. No gas exchange can occur across the capillaries D. Hemoglobin releases oxygen E. There is an increase in the number of white blood cells. 3. Which of the following glands secretes hormones that enable the body to respond to stress? A. Pancreas B. Adrenal C. Pineal D. Salivary E. Parathyroid 4. Which gland exerts primary control over the concentration of sugar in the blood? A. Liver B. Pituitary C. Pineal D. Pancreas E. Parathyroid 5. Which of the following hormones is released by neurosecretory cells extending from the hypothalamus? A. Estrogen B. Growth hormone C. Oxytocin D. Insulin E. Calcitonin
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Select all the true statements regarding normal hemoglobin: A. Hemoglobin has a relatively lower affinity for oxygen when the PO2 is below 60 mm Hg. B. Hemoglobin has a lower affinity for Carbon Monoxide than for Oxygen. C. Hemoglobin is found inside red blood cells. D. Hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen when the PO2 is high. E. Hemoglobin has a safety zone for oxygen binding so that even when the PO2 of oxygen slightly falls, hemoglobin remains highly saturated. 2. Select the answer that is false regarding the effects of Carbon monoxide: A. A small amount of CO in the air will not reduce arterial PO2 levels enough to be sensed by the peripheral chemoreceptors. B. CO results in a large leftward shift in the O2-hemoglobin association curve. C. The affinity between CO and hemoglobin is 240 times greater than oxygen. D. Small amounts of CO being present in the inspired air may greatly reduce oxygen delivery to the tissue cells. E. The central chemoreceptors will detect the reduction in oxygen delivered to the cells and will increase their firing rate.
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1. What happens to oxygen binding to hemoglobin when temperature increases? A) oxygen affinity decreases and oxygen is unloaded to the tissues B) oxygen affinity increases and oxygen is increasingly bound to hemoglobin C) oxygen affinity decreases and oxygen is increasingly bound to hemoglobin 2. What happens to oxygen binding to hemoglobin when blood pH drops? A) oxygen affinity increases and oxygen binds to hemoglobin B) oxygen affinity increases and oxygen is unloaded to the tissues C) oxygen affinity decreases and oxygen is unloaded to the tissues D) none of the above 3. What is the functional importance of the conducting zone of the respiratory system? A) Conducts constriction and dilation of airways. B) Cools air entering the body. C) Moistens air entering the body.
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