00:01
Hello students, the question asked is we have to differentiate between the skeleton of fish, frog, bird and mammals with relation to the structure of skull, vertebral column, ribs and appendages.
00:15
Let's compare the skull first in case of fish.
00:20
In fish, the skull is made of several bones and has numerous teeth that are small and sharp.
00:50
The jaws are made of several and in case of frog, the frog skull is also made of several bones but teeth are small and only present in the upper jaw.
01:26
The lower jaw is toothless.
01:34
In case of birds, the skull is lightweight and is made of fused bones and the beak is made of keratin and replaces teeth and making the jaw toothless.
02:05
In case of mammals, the skull is made of several bones with teeth that vary in size and shape depending upon the species.
02:34
In case of fish, the vertebral column has numerous vertebrae and flexible backbone and the ribs are short and attached to vertebrae.
03:12
Now coming to the frog, the vertebral column has fewer vertebrae than fish with distinct sacral vertebrae for the attachment of hind limb and the ribs are short and fused to the vertebrae.
03:53
And in case of birds, the vertebral column has varying number of vertebrae and some are some vertebrae are fused for stability during flight and the ribs are well developed and articulate with the vertebrae.
04:31
In case of mammals, vertebral column has varying number of vertebrae with distinct cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal regions and the ribs are well developed and articulate with thoracic vertebrae.
05:30
Another property is appendages...
