Several signal transduction pathways, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-B, Wingless/Int (WNT), and more recently yes-associated protein 1
(YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) signaling, have been linked to the pathophysiology of fibrosis. Furthermore, disruption of WNT/beta (β)-
catenin signaling pathway in the heart can lead to cardiac dysfunction including myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and more. In the absence of the WNT ligand,
Disheveled (DVL) is not activated and the destruction complex phosphorylates B-catenin, which is ubiquitinylated for proteasomal degradation. Which of the following
is (are) components of the destruction complex?
Answers: A-E
A Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)
B Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)
C Lipoprotein-related-receptor protein (LRP)
D Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)
E Only options B and D are correct