Sexual dimorphism refers to differences between adults and adolescents with regard to sexual behavior. is particularly pronounced in all primate species. refers to differences between the sexes with regard to features such as body size. is more common in arboreal species. has not been observed in ANY monkey.
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Comparative Anatomy: Discuss sexual dimorphism as it applies to humans. List and explain at least three specific skeletal traits observable in the cranium or post-cranial skeleton where males and females differ, and explain the differences. Now compare human sexual dimorphism to the degree of sexual dimorphism found in great apes (recall there are 4 species of living great apes besides humans - their sexual dimorphism may not all be the same). Do humans have more or less sexual dimorphism than apes in general? We know that sexual dimorphism in canine size and body size often correlates with social organization. What does Homo sapiens' sexual dimorphism suggest about social organization? How do some or all of the traits you described reflect evolutionary trends?
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Australopithecus afarensis males were approximately 1.6 times larger than females. This is about the same degree of sexual dimorphism as seen in chimpanzees. What does this suggest about the mating and social system of this fossil species?
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Suppose you were studying several species of human. In one, males never lifted a finger to help females raise children. In another, males provided just as much parental care as females except for actually carrying the baby during pregnancy. How does the fundamental asymmetry of sex compare in the two species? How would you expect sexual dimorphism to compare between the two species?
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