Short Answer Practice Problem: 9. SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY β’ DRAW IT (a) Draw a phylogenetic tree based on characters 1β5 in the table below. Place hatch marks on the tree to indicate the origin(s) of characters 1β6. (b) Assume that tuna and dolphins are sister species and redraw the phylogenetic tree accordingly. Use hatch marks to indicate the origin(s) of characters 1β6. (c) Determine how many evolutionary changes are required in each tree. Identify the most parsimonious tree. Character | Lancelet (outgroup) | Lamprey | Tuna | Salamander | Turtle | Leopard | Dolphin --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- (1) Backbone | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 (2) Hinged jaw | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 (3) Four limbs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1* (4) Amnion | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 (5) Milk | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (6) Dorsal fin | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 *Although adult dolphins have only two obvious limbs (their flippers), as embryos they have two hind-limb buds, for a total
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However, the process would involve placing the species on the tree based on their shared characteristics. Hatch marks would be placed at the points on the tree where new characteristics appear. Show moreβ¦
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(a) Draw a phylogenetic tree based on characters $1-5$ in the table below. Place hatch marks on the tree to indicate the origin(s) of characters $1-6 .$ (b) Assume that tuna and dolphins are sister species and redraw the phylogenetic tree accordingly. Use hatch marks to indicate the origin(s) of characters $1-6 .$ (c) How many evolutionary changes are required in each tree? Which tree is most parsimonious?
Part 1: Draw It Up 1. Draw a phylogenetic tree based on characters 1-5 in the table below. Place hatch marks on the tree to indicate the origin(s) of characters 1-6. Character Lancelet (outgroup) Lamprey Tuna Salamander Turtle Leopard Dolphin 1. Backbone 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2. Hinged jaw 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 3. Four limbs 0 0 0 1 1 1 1* 4. Amnion 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 5. Milk 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 6. Dorsal fin 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 *Although adult dolphins have only two obvious limbs (their flippers), as embryos they have two hind-limb buds, for a total of four limbs. 2. Assume that tuna and dolphins are sister species, and redraw the phylogenetic tree accordingly. Use hatch marks to indicate the origin(s) of characters 1-6. 3. How many evolutionary changes are required in each tree? Which tree is most parsimonious (requires more evolutionary changes)?
Madhur L.
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