Stressed out. A study that survey, a random sample of otherwise healthy high school students found that they are more likely to get muscles when they are stressed.
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The study is a survey of a random sample of otherwise healthy high school students and reports that students are "more likely to get muscles when they are stressed." Tell me whether "get muscles" means (a) develop muscle pain/tension or other muscle-related Show more…
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A study that surveyed a random sample of otherwise healthy high school students found that they are more likely to get muscle cramps when they are stressed. The study also noted that students drink more coffee and sleep less when they are stressed. (a) What type of study is this? experiment observational (b) Can this study be used to conclude a causal relationship between increased stress and muscle cramps? Yes No (c) State possible confounding variables that might explain the observed relationship between increased stress and muscle cramps. (Select all that apply.) classes caffeine lack of sleep extra-curricular activities
Adi S.
Exercise, Stress and Mental Health for teenagers A recent study was conducted to investigate whether gender and amount of physical activity in teenagers influences their stress levels. Data was collected by surveying 1508 adolescent students (13 to 18 years) in Norway on their frequency of physical activity (number of hours per week) and stress levels (low or high). Researchers also recorded the gender (Male/Female/Other) of each participant. Researchers found the following: Adolescents who reported they participated in physical activity 7-9 hours per week or more reported lower stress levels than those who participated in physical activity less than 7 hours per week. There was no significant difference in time spent on physical activity across genders. Male participants had lower stress levels on average than the participants identifying as female or other. 1. For each of the listed variables, indicate whether it is numerical, ordinal, or nominal. 1. Gender (Male/Female/Other). 2. The hours spent on physical activity by an adolescent. 3. Stress Levels (low/high).
Jay P.
Exercise and Stress Many studies have shown that people who engage in any exercise have improved mental health over those that never exercise. In particular, even a small amount of exercise seems to confer some resilience to stress. Most of these studies, by necessity, have been observational studies. A recent experiment with mice $^{55}$ moves us one step closer to determining a causal association. In the study, mice were randomly assigned to either an enriched environment (EE) where there was an exercise wheel available or a standard environment (SE) with no exercise options. After three weeks in the specified environment, for five minutes a day for two weeks, the mice were each exposed to a "mouse bully" - a mouse that was very strong, aggressive, and territorial. At the end of the two weeks, the mice in the SE group exhibited maladaptive, depressive-like, and anxietylike behavior across a wide spectrum of activities. This was not true of the mice in the EE group; they behaved similarly to mice that had never had the stress-inducing bully experience. In particular, one measure of mouse anxiety is amount of time hiding in a dark compartment, with mice that are more anxious spending more time in darkness. The amount of time spent in darkness during one trial is recorded for all the mice and is shown in Table 6.18 and available in StressedMice. Test to see if mice that have spent time in an enriched environment with options for exercise spend significantly less time in darkness after a stress-inducing experience.
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