00:01
Traditional culturing has certain limitations, therefore it is much better if we do not culture the bacteria from polluted and unpolluted streams and we can use modern molecular techniques.
00:21
Instead we can use modern molecular techniques which do not require the culturing of the bacteria.
00:31
The techniques include metagenomics.
00:35
Metagenomics utilized metagenomic approaches to extract and sequence dna directly, extract and sequence dna directly, directly from the environmental samples and thus it avoids the need for cultivation.
00:56
Another method is the 16s rrna sequencing, 16s rrna sequencing.
01:05
So we employ 16s rrna gene sequencing which is a highly conserved gene in bacteria, it can be used to identify and classify bacterial species, identify and classify bacterial species, classify bacterial species.
01:40
This technique allows us to determine the diversity of bacteria in the samples based on the sequences of this gene.
01:48
Next there are shotgun, shotgun metagenomics, shotgun metagenomics.
01:57
So we can apply shotgun metagenomics to sequence all the dna present in the samples, to sequence all the dna present in the samples, present in the samples and this provides a comprehensive information on the genetic content of the microbial community.
02:18
So this gives a comprehensive information, comprehensive information of genetic content.
02:34
This enables the identification of the functional genes and the metabolic pathways in addition to the species composition.
02:43
The next type of techniques are the environmental, environmental dna or the edna analysis or edna analysis.
02:56
So this occurs in the following steps.
02:59
There is edna sampling, edna sampling which means that we collect the water samples and extract environmental dna from these samples.
03:10
So water samples are collected, samples are collected and edna is extracted from them, edna is extracted from them, from them.
03:28
Then this undergoes pcr amplification, pcr amplification therefore amplifies the specific dna regions.
03:39
For example, the 16s rrna genes, the 16s rrna genes and this will therefore allow for selective amplification of the bacterial dna.
03:51
Then this pcr products are sequenced and analyzed...