T Flip-Flop (FF) as shown in Figure 1 can be used for constructing an asynchronous counter. Figure 1 A 2-bit asynchronous counter built using T FFs is capable of implementing the counting sequence: F(x) = {00, 01, 10, 11}. The outputs of this asynchronous counter are Q0 and Q1 with Q0 being the least significant bit (LSB). (i) Draw the State Diagram to show the counting sequence. [2 Marks] (ii) Draw the Timing diagram for this circuit to show the counting sequence. [4 Marks] (iii) Construct the circuit of this asynchronous counter using THREE (3) T FFs. [6 Marks] (b) Explain the THREE (3) differences between the Johnson counter and the Ring counter. [6 Marks] (c) Construct a 4-bit Ripple counter using J-K FF. Sketch the timing diagram of the counter for 16 clock pulse. [7 Marks]
CLK T
Qn
Q n+1
INPUT
Q
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
CLK
a
1 1
0
1
1
1
0
Figure 1