Temperature of Organism in Co 1 30 2 35 3 36 4 37 5 38 6 44 7 45 8 46 Number of viruses per A cell Number of viruses per B cell 60 77 115 88 128 260 143 200 243 150 47 34 21 2 3 2 1. At what temperature(s) would the most cell destruction take place for Virus A? 2. At what temperature(s) would the most cell destruction take place for Virus B? 3. If 38° C is equivalent to 98.6° F. What type of organism would this virus A infect?
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Factors Affecting Growth – Temperature The plates shown below were generated by following the protocol described previously. Briefly, 4 organisms (A, B, C and D) were streaked on nutrient agar plates. After incubation at selected temperature, an increase in cell density is indicative of cell growth. By this method optimal temperature range of an organism can be estimated. (To determine cell growth, the incubated plates are compared to the control plate). 1. Read the results below and answer questions. A. Which of the organisms (A through D) are likely to be a part of your microbiome (grow inside your body)? B. Which of the organisms (A through D) is a cold- loving microbe? Name one environment where you are likely to find this organism. C. Which of the organisms (A through D) is a heat-loving microbe? Name one environment where you are likely to find this organism. D. Three out of four organisms did not grown on the plates incubated at 68ºС. What is the likely molecular explanation for this? Hint: What cellular structures are affected at this temperature? E. Organisms A and D grew at both 25ºС and 40ºС. What can be said about the cellular macromolecules of these organisms?
Dominador T.
Test tubes containing three different samples of 10^6 bacteria in 10mL of solution were incubated at various temperatures for 10 minutes. At the conclusion of the incubation, a viable cell count was performed. The results of this experiment are shown below. 20°C 60°C 80°C 100°C Sample 1 0 10^3 10^5 10^3 Sample 2 10^6 10^4 10^3 0 Sample 3 10^6 10^3 0 0 a) The thermal death point of sample 2 is? i) Hotter than 80°C ii) 0 iii) 80°C iv) Cooler than 80°C v) 10^3 b) The samples that would most likely contain endospores are? i) 1 and 3 ii) 3 iii) 2 and 3 iv) 1 v) 2 c) The samples that would be most likely to contain an extreme thermophile are? i) 3 ii) 2 iii) 1 iv) 1 and 3 v) 1, 2, and 3
Adi S.
Enzyme activity, measured by the rate of the reaction that it catalyzes, is highly temperature-dependent. Each enzyme has an optimal temperature at which it can speed up a reaction. In humans, the optimal temperature for most enzymes is around 37 °C (98.6 °F), or human body temperature. However, enzymes in other organisms may have other temperature optima. Taq polymerase, an enzyme of great importance for DNA research, was isolated from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus (T. aquaticus). The bacterium was originally found in a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park, USA. The graph shows three curves of rate versus temperature for enzymes from three different types of organisms. Which curve represents the graph of enzyme activity versus temperature for the enzyme Taq polymerase? curve A curve B curve C One of the other curves represents the activity versus temperature for an enzyme isolated from a soil bacterium. The enzyme has also been produced in the lab, and it is used as an additive to remove lactose in refrigerated milk (at about 4 °C, or 40 °F), enabling people who are lactose-intolerant to drink milk. At what temperature does this enzyme have the highest activity?
Sri K.
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