Texts: 1. Suggest other conditions that might affect the rate of fermentation. 2. What role does cellular respiration play in the metabolism of an organism? 3. Glucose breakdown results in the breaking of C-H bonds and stored energy is released. Compare and contrast the end products of fermentation and cellular respiration in terms of their energy content. 4. Fermentation results in the net production of only two ATP, while cellular respiration results in the production of at least 36 ATP. Explain these results with reference to the end products of both of these processes. 5. Explain why glucose would result in the most activity during fermentation.
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The rate of glucose breakdown slows when cells are provided an oxygen-rich environment, which suggests a level of metabolic control. Select all answers which correctly describe how oxygen could (and does) contribute to the activity rate of glycolysis. Increased oxygen raises the speed at which the citric acid cycle runs by acting as a substrate for pyruvate dehydrogenase in the pyruvate bridge reaction, increasing acetyl-CoA levels. An increase in oxygen will raise the rate of electron transport by providing additional electron acceptors, which will increase ATP production. Increased ATP levels feedback to allosterically inhibit the activity of the enzyme regulating glycolysis called phosphofructokinase. Increased oxygen levels slow down breathing rate, decreasing the amount of glucose delivered to each cell.
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Complete the following paragraph to describe how ATP is produced in the absence of oxygen. Complete glucose breakdown requires the presence of to keep the electron transport chain working so that ATP is produced. alcohol G3P When absent; an anaerobic process called fermentation occurs instead, producing ATP overall: more do not During this process, glycolysis proceeds as normal with glucose splitting into molecules_ which are then phosphorylated into BPG molecules, and finally converted into molecules: carbon dioxide fewer However; at this point; the molecules are reduced; freeing NAD- to return to the glycolytic pathway: oxygen lactate P3G The results of fermentation are ATP molecules and molecules in animals and bacteria or 2 plants and yeast: molecules in pyruvate oxaloacetate Because these molecules enter the citric acid cycle the electron transport chain, Ine net gain for fermentation is 2 ATP molecules, compared t0 36 ATP molecules in cellular respiration:
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