Figure 3 below depicts a general communication system in mimals. Sender Information Environment Receiver Decision and response Figure 3. General communication system in animals. (a) What are the three (3) main processes involved in effective communication when animals use signals? [3] (b) State the four (4) possible sources from which signals used in communication in animals may have evolved. [4] (c) Briefly describe Zahavi's (1975) handicap principle as it may be applicable in a signalling system in communication in animals. [6] (d) Choose any communication behaviour that confers an adaptive advantage to an animal of your choice. (i) Describe the context in which this behaviour is displayed and how it confers an adaptive advantage to the animal. [5] (ii) Discuss how this behaviour may have evolved, using Darwin's premises to describe evolution by natural selection. [12]
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