Texts: What is R₀? Is this value fixed, or can it change? Explain. Sometimes your cells will use stored triglycerides for fuel instead of glucose. Each long fatty acid tail of triglycerides can be broken apart into approximately 9 Acetyl CoA molecules that directly enter the citric acid cycle. Do triglycerides provide more energy than glucose? Why do you say so? Explain. In the 1930s, physicians prescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. Many patients died. What DNP does is make the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to protons. Explain how this could cause weight loss. Then, explain how this could also cause death. Explain why the "dark reactions" of photosynthesis typically only occur during the daytime.
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Glucokinase is not feedback-inhibited by its product, glucose-6-phosphate. Therefore, the liver can take up large amounts of glucose. Glucose that exceeds the capacity of the liver to store glycogen can be converted to triacylglycerols. What pathway/reactions play a role in the conversion of glucose to triacylglycerols, and what is likely to happen to these TG? This is a multi-select question. Select all correct statements. A) Fatty acids are esterified with Coenzyme A. B) Fatty acyl-CoA is esterified with glycerol-3-phosphate derived from glycolysis or phosphorylation of glycerol. C) Glucose is degraded through glycolysis to pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. D) Triacylglycerols are secreted in the form of VLDL. E) Fatty acids are synthesized from glucose-derived acetyl-CoA.
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Using your understanding of the organization of the mitochondrion and how it generates ATP, answer the following questions. What would be the effect on ATP production of adding a substance (DNP) that makes the mitochondrial membrane leaky to protons? What would be the effect on the pH of the mitochondrial matrix of reducing the oxygen supply: Suppose that the glucose supply to the cell is greatly reduced. What would be the effect on CO2 production by the mitochondria? What would be the non-lethal effects of CO on the mitochondria?
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