The behavioral perspective considers the idea that...

The behavioral perspective considers the idea that paraphilias are: a. substitutes for appropriate social and sexual functioning or the inability to develop satisfying marital relationships. b. a manifestation of unresolved conflicts during psychosexual development. c. developed through conditioning, modeling, reinforcement, punishment, and rewards, the same process that normal sexual activity is learned. d. substitutes for appropriate social and sexual functioning or the inability to develop satisfying marital relationships.

Transcript

00:01 The four criteria listed in the section titled society's criteria for judging paraphernalia are first is societal disapproval this criterion considers whether the sexual behavior is considered societally acceptable unacceptable or deviant so the social societal norms can vary across the time and period so this criteria may not be universally applicable then distress this criterion focus on whether the individual engaging in the behavior experiencing distress or impairment as a result if the behavior causes significant distance or interferes with the person's daily functioning it can it may be considered abnormal then a typicality this criteria examines whether the sexual behavior is statistically rare or uncommon if the behavior is significantly different from what is typically observed in gender population it may be considered abnormal then harm this criterion evaluates whether the sexual behavior causes harm harm to oneself or others if the behavior involves non -consenting individuals or poses a risk to physical or mental well -being it may be considered as abnormal so in determining whether a certain sexual behavior is abnormal all four criteria should be considered however, the importance of each criteria may vary depending on the specific behavior and its impact on individual and society for example if a behavior causes harm or distress to oneself or others it may be considered more important in determining abnormality compared to the societal disapproval or atypicality the origins of paraphilia still is not understood fully various theories have been proposed one theory is psychoanalytic theory where which suggests that paraphilia develop as a result of unresolved conflicts or traumas during childhood according to this theory is paraphilia seen as a defense mechanism or a way to cope up with unconscious desires of fear this theory seemed to explain paraphilias better than others because it focus on unconscious process and early experiences in shaping sexual preferences it recognized that paraphilias may be rooted in psychological factors rather than solely being as a result of biological or genetic factors however, it is important to note that this theory is not universally accepted and other theories such as behavioral or cognitive theories and offer explanations for the development of paraphilias so the higher prevalence of paraphilia is in men when compared to women can be attributed to the combination of physical psychological biological and social cultural factors biologically hormone differences plays a role in this and psychologically societal expectations and gender role may influence and socioculturally there may be greater acceptance or tolerance for certain paraphilias in men compared to women so the comparison of sexual machoism to the sport of boxing may or may not make sense depending on the one's perspective boxing is the regulated sport with rules and safety measures in place where is sexual machoism involves personal preference and boundaries that may vary between individuals so developing a fetish for watermelons can be understood through various theories discussed in the chapter for example according to classical conditioning theory some might develop a fetish for watermelons if they have experienced pleasurable or arousing experience in association with watermelons over time this association can be become sexually arousing for the individual another theory such as social learning theory which suggests that individuals may develop fetishes through observation and imitation of others who have sexual interest in watermelons and cognitive theory also proposes and suggests that individuals develop fetishes due to unique cognitive associations they form between certain objects or stimuli and sexual arousal...

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