5. The coordinated or correlated action by the antimicrobial drugs used to treat TB is an example of a(n) ______ effect. ? symbiotic ? antagonistic ? synergistic ? mutualistic 6. Sensitivity testing is important for ? Selecting the best drug for treatment. ? For both selection and detection of resistance of a drug. ? Identifying possible allergic responses to antimicrobials. ? Detecting resistance of the infectious agent. ? All of these choices are correct.
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This is because different strains of bacteria may respond differently to various antimicrobial drugs, so sensitivity testing helps determine which drug will be most effective in treating the infection. Show more…
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Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium spread from person to person through the air. It affects the lungs, but can also affect the kidneys, brain, and spine. A simple diagnostic test for TB involves injecting antigen (from the bacterium that causes TB) under the skin and then waiting a few days for a reaction to appear. If a reaction occurs, a person has the TB infection (although the majority of people won't develop an active disease with symptoms). Would this test be useful in diagnosing TB in patients with AlDS? Predict whether patients with both AlDS and TB infection would have a positive skin test or not.
Detection of Rifampicin-Resistant Strains of Tuberculosis Rifampicin is an important antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases. Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, are resistant to rifampicin. These strains become resistant through mutations that alter the $r p o B$ gene, which encodes the $\beta$ subunit of the RNA polymerase. Rifampicin cannot bind to the mutant RNA polymerase and so is unable to block the initiation of transcription. DNA sequences from a large number of rifampicin-resistant $M$. tuberculosis strains have been found to have mutations in a specific 69 bp region of rpoB. One well-characterized rifampicin-resistant strain has a single base pair alteration in $r p o B$ that results in a His residue being replaced by an Asp residue in the $\beta$ subunit. (a) Based on your knowledge of protein chemistry, suggest a technique that would allow detection of the rifampicin-resistant strain containing this particular mutant protein. (b) Based on your knowledge of nucleic acid chemistry, suggest a technique to identify the mutant form of rpoB.
Put the following events in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in order: An inflammatory reaction occurs wherever M. tuberculosis are located. Macrophage and lymphocytes surround the bacteria and growth of bacteria ceases in latent cases of TB. In active cases of TB, the inflammatory response cannot contain the growth of M. tuberculosis and the organisms spread throughout the lungs and are released through coughing. Airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis are inhaled from respiratory droplets most often spread when an infected person coughs. Infected macrophages spread throughout the body to locations such as the kidney, brain and lymph nodes. Bacteria are released in these locations. Alveolar macrophages engulf the bacteria but the bacteria survive and even multiply within the macrophages.
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