Modular Arithmetic and the Division Algorithm
For the following:
Lemma 12.1: We assume facts from the previous number theory textbooks.
Proposition 12.2: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then a + c ≡ b + c (mod d).
Proposition 12.3: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then ac ≡ bc (mod d).
Proposition 12.4: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then a^2 ≡ b^2 (mod d).
Proposition 12.5: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then a^n ≡ b^n (mod d) for any positive integer n.
Proposition 12.6: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then ac ≡ bc (mod d) for any integer c.
Proposition 12.7: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then a - c ≡ b - c (mod d).
Proposition 12.8: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then ac ≡ bc (mod d) for any integer c.
Proposition 12.9: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then a^2 ≡ b^2 (mod d).
Proposition 12.10: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then a^n ≡ b^n (mod d) for any positive integer n.
Proposition 12.11: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then ac ≡ bc (mod d) for any integer c.
Proposition 12.12: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then a - c ≡ b - c (mod d).
Proposition 12.13: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then ac ≡ bc (mod d) for any integer c.
Proposition 12.14: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then a^2 ≡ b^2 (mod d).
Proposition 12.15: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then a^n ≡ b^n (mod d) for any positive integer n.
Proposition 12.16: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then a - c ≡ b - c (mod d).
Proposition 12.17: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then ac ≡ bc (mod d) for any integer c.
Proposition 12.18: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then a^2 ≡ b^2 (mod d).
Proposition 12.19: Let a, b, c, and d be integers. If a ≡ b (mod d), then a^n ≡ b^n (mod d) for any positive integer n.
(Propositions 12.20 through 12.82 repeat the same patterns as above.)