the ethical and professional issues of epidemiology go beyond
those that might apply to a scientific discipline, such as
biophysics or physiology. Which if the following represent this
broader context of issues? a. Epidemiological research often
involves human subjects; generally those who do not derive any
personal benefit from participating b. Findings from epidemiology
often have direct and often immediate societal relevance c.
Epidemiological studies are often funded from public resources and
have major implications for the allocation of limited societal
resources (for example, personal protective equipment, funds for
surveillance and detection of infectious diseases, medicines and
vaccines) d. All of the above e. None of the above