(The Laplace operator and harmonic functions) Let D ∈ Rd. The operator acting on the twice continuously differentiable functions on D, given by
Au : Δu = ∑(∂^2u/∂x_i^2) is called the Laplace operator or Laplacian. A twice continuously differentiable function u in D that satisfies Au = 0 is called harmonic (in D). The Laplacian and harmonic functions play an important role in continuum mechanics and electrodynamics.
a) Find all harmonic polynomials in two variables (on Rd) of degree 2.
b) Verify that the function u: Rd - {0} → Rd given by
u(z) = 2F0
is harmonic.
Are the following statements true? Verify them or give a counterexample.
c) "If u and v are harmonic functions on Rd, then the pointwise product uv is harmonic as well."
d) "If u is a harmonic function on Rd, a > 0 fixed, and θ is given by
v(z;θ) = u(cos θ + ysin θ, sin θ + ycos θ)
then v is harmonic as well."
e) "If u is a harmonic function on Rd, and f : Rd → Rd such that f''(x) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ Rd, and v is given by
v(z;θ) = f(u(s;θ))
then Av ≥ 0 on Rd.