The microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) kinesin and dynein can: Interact with the plasma membrane and microtubules to define the shape of animal cells. Form a complex between microtubules and actin filaments to interact with chromosomes during cell division Specifically interact with microtubules and vesicles and actively move them around the cell Bind actin filaments at the negative end and prevent disassembly of the polymer
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Kinesin and dynein are motor proteins that interact with microtubules, not the plasma membrane. So, the first option is incorrect. Show more…
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Microtubules start to form from the animal cells and extend to the protein complex called the centrosome. All microtubules are connected to the centromeres of all sister chromatids. The cell eventually proceeds to telophase when it begins to divide the cytoplasm into two parts. This process is called cytokinesis and occurs in both animal cells and plant cells.
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In neurons, kinesin is the motor protein that facilitates anterograde axonal transport of mitochondria from the cell body to the synapse, while dynein is the motor protein that facilitates retrograde transport of mitochondria from the synapse to the cell body, where they can become recharged. Microtubules are composed of dimers of alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin, arranged in a tubular shape containing 13 copies of this elongated straw-like structure. Microtubules in axons are polarized, with the plus end pointing toward the synapse, while the minus end points toward the microtubule organizing center. Microtubules are stabilized by the protein, tau, which, when hyperphosphorylated, falls off the microtubules, causing destabilization, with consequent retrograde transport of mitochondria to the cell body and corresponding decreased production of localized ATP. The modified protein that falls off the microtubules leads to formation of neurofibrillary tangles, which are highly detrimental to neurons.
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