The Neuromuscular Junction, which expands to form a synapse, ends in an axon terminal containing the transmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Within this expanded region are spherical sacs called synaptic vesicles. When a nerve impulse reaches the end of the axon, ACh is released and diffuses across the synaptic cleft. The ACh then binds to its receptors on the motor end plate, which is a narrow space between the cell membrane of the adjacent muscle fiber. This binding leads to the generation of an action potential. The action potential stimulates the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), causing the sarcomeres within the cylindrical myofibrils of the muscle fiber to contract.
Key:
1. sarcolemma (two places)
2. axon terminal (two places)
3. synaptic cleft
4. synaptic vesicles
5. motor end plate (two places)
6. myofibrils
7. Axon of somatic motor neuron
8. Terminal branch
9. Nerve junction (NMJ)
10. Space