The "one gene-one enzyme" hypothesis states that the function of each polypeptide is to regulate the synthesis of each corresponding gene. the synthesis of each enzyme is catalyzed by one specific gene. the function of an individual gene is to dictate the production of a specific polypeptide. the synthesis of each gene is catalyzed by one specific enzyme.
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Step 1: The one gene-one enzyme hypothesis was proposed by George Beadle and Edward Tatum in 1941 based on their experiments with Neurospora crassa, a type of bread mold. Show more…
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The control of enzyme-catalyzed biochemical reactions occurs at two different levels in single-cell microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast. The term that is used to describe how a protein combines with a corepressor chemical and then blocks the transcription of DNA is repression. Conversely, the binding of a chemical with the same protein results in that protein unbinding from the DNA, and thus no longer serving as a block. These actions represent metabolic control at the transcriptional level. The second type of metabolic control occurs at the level of enzyme activity. In this instance, a product chemical arising from a specific sequence of reactions interacts with a specific enzyme to regulate the activity of that enzyme in the sequence. There are four different types of enzyme inhibition recognized in enzyme sequence reactions—competitive, noncompetitive, uncompetitive, and mixed inhibition. These two different metabolic controls result in biochemical reactions occurring only as the cell requires certain chemical products or cellular intermediates, thus expending cellular resources only when they are needed.
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An enzyme is denatured when it loses its native conformation and its biological activity. 2. An enzyme is considered a catalyst because it speeds up chemical reactions without being used up. 3. An enzyme is considered specific because of its ability to recognize the shape of a particular molecule. 4. A cofactor, such as a vitamin, binds to an enzyme and plays a role in catalysis. 5. When properly aligned, the enzyme and substrate form an enzyme-substrate (ES) complex. 6. A substrate binds to an enzyme at the active site, where the reaction occurs. 7. In a catalyzed reaction, a reactant is often called a substrate.
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