5. The Parazoa are distinguished from other animal phyla (Eumetazoa) by ___. A. being haploid dominant B. lacking true tissues C. being radially symmetrical D. having no sexual reproduction E. being diploblastic 6. Almost all of the major animal body plans (phyla) seen today appeared in the fossil record more than 500 million years ago during the ___ period. A. Cambrian B. Cenozoic C. Permian D. Cretaceous E. Carboniferous . Ecdysis refers to ___. A. shedding an exoskeleton B. a distinctive type of larval stage C. a specialized feeding structure D. a specialized digestive process E. a specialized process for embryo formation Lophophores are ___. A. a distinctive type of larval stage B. a specialized feeding structure C. shedding an exoskeleton D. a specialized digestive process E. a specialized process for embryo formation Which of the following are protostomate features? Mark two this question only. A. spiral, determinate cleavage B. radial, indeterminate cleavage C. enterocoelous (outpocketing) mesoderm formation D. schizocoelous (split ball) mesoderm formation
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The last common ancestor of all bilaterians is thought to have had four Hox genes. Most extant cnidarians have two Hox genes, though some have three Hox genes. On the basis of these observations, some have proposed that the ancestral cnidarians were originally bilateral and, in stages, lost Hox genes from their genomes. If true, this would mean that the radial symmetry of extant cnidarians is secondarily derived, rather than being an ancestral trait. All radially symmetric animals should be grouped together in one clade. Hox genes play little actual role in coding for an animal's "body plan". Cnidaria may someday replace porifera as the basal bilaterians.
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What are the characteristics that make Porifera (sponges) simple and separate them from other animals? (Circle all that apply) No true tissue They have no symmetry No nervous system They are radially symmetrical They have muscles but can't move Which statement about the origin of the genome is false? RNA likely evolved from DNA None of the above RNA was once capable of enzymatic activity Self-replication arose from a process called chemical evolution RNA molecules underwent natural selection Arthropods have additional body characteristics that set them apart from roundworms. What are they? (Circle all that apply) Jointed appendages Segmented bodies Exoskeleton Endoskeleton Radial symmetry
1. At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a protostome embryo from a deuterostome embryo? a) fertilization b) cleavage c) gastrulation d) coelom formation 2. Which germ layer is found in triploblastic animals but not diploblastic animals? a) mesoderm b) ectoderm c) mesoglea d) endoderm 3. Which of the following phyla is diploblastic? a) Platyhelminthes b) Arthropoda c) Mollusca d) Cnidaria 4. Annelids are animals with a) a dorsoventrally-flattened body with no coelom. b) a limbless body composed of a series of fused rings. c) soft non-segmented bodies, sometimes protected by a hard shell. d) a segmented body, hard exoskeleton and jointed appendages. 5. Which of the following chordates does not have a jaw? a) shark b) ray-finned fish c) bird d) hagfish 6. A type I survivorship curve (with low initial mortality) is exhibited by a) humans. b) birds. c) crustaceans. d) oysters. 7. Commensalism between two species is a) detrimental to both species. b) beneficial to one species and detrimental to the other. c) beneficial to both species. d) beneficial to one species, but the other species is unaffected.
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