The successful induction of hippocampal LTP between the CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons involves two types of glutamate receptors. a) Please name the two glutamate receptor types. b) One of these glutamate receptors is known as the “coincidence detector” critical for LTP. Which receptor is this? Describe how the receptor is activated and why they function as the “coincidence detector”. c) If a postsynaptic spine only expresses NMDA-R, what kind of responses would you expect to see when you stimulate the presynaptic neuron and perform voltage-clamp recordings from the postsynaptic neuron? Please base your answers on the holding potentials: -65 mV, 0 mV and +20 mV and provide a brief explanation.
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QUESTION 6 The key aspect of receptor gating in the associative induction of hippocampal LTP is that a. all glutamate receptors open automatically whenever glutamate is in the synaptic cleft. b. the NMDA receptor acts as a molecular coincidence detector. c. the AMPA receptor allows calcium into the cell only after the NMDA receptor is activated. d. both the NMDA and AMPA channels must be open in order for the cell to depolarize. e. All of the above are key aspects of LTP induction. QUESTION 7 NMDA receptor activation requires: a. Depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron. b. The presence of AMPA receptors. c. Removal of a Mg++ ion from the NMDA receptor pore. d. Glycine. e. All of the above. QUESTION 8 Silent synapses are silent because they a. have no presynaptic terminal. b. have AMPA receptors but no NMDA receptors. c. have NMDA receptors but no AMPA receptors. d. lack voltage-gated sodium channels. e. are continuously inhibited and so cannot be activated.
Md.Daniyal A.
Sri K.
Let's imagine you apply electrical stimulation to the Schaffer collaterals of CA3 neurons and observe obvious postsynaptic depolarizations (EPSPs) in the CA1 neuron. After several stimulations, you still do not see a potentiated postsynaptic response (LTP); yet you can clearly detect EPSPs. A. To induce LTP in the postsynaptic cell, you should be applying mechanical and not electrical stimulation. B. Your presynaptic stimulation is not strong enough to activate any postsynaptic AMPA receptors. C. Your presynaptic stimulation seems sufficient to activate postsynaptic AMPA receptors (as evidenced by the EPSPs), but not postsynaptic NMDA receptors (as evidenced by the lack of LTP induction). D. The presynaptic neuron is probably not releasing any glutamate. E) C and D
Suman K.
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