QUESTION 41 Acute gastritis is a transient inflammation of the gastric mucosa caused by a number of factors, including ________ A. autoimmune mechanisms B. bacterial endotoxins, caffeine, alcohol, and NSAID use C. gastroesophageal reflux D. an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter QUESTION 42 Maggie has panhypopituitarism and will experience problems with ________ A. growth and development B. amenorrhea at puberty C. cold intolerance, dry skin, and decreased metabolic rate D. all of the above
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A 58-year-old woman has progressively worsening epigastric pain. Upper endoscopy showed a 4-mm duodenal ulcer; biopsy specimens revealed mild gastritis with no evidence of malignancy but she had several episodes of vomiting which included frank blood. Histologic evaluation of the tissue showed infection with Gram-negative bacilli. 1- (a) Which one of the following is the most likely cause, and (b) why did you choose it: A. E. coli infection B. Spicy foods C. H. pylori infection D. C. difficile infection 2- (a) What kind of gold standard test would you recommend to confirm your choice and (b) why? 3- If you want to grow the culture in the laboratory, what optimal condition of growth will you choose? Respond including (a) growth media and pH and (b) oxygen level
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19. Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? A. stomach B. pancreas C. spleen D. colon E. esophagus 20. Which of the following is a protein-splitting enzyme found in pancreatic juice? A. Trypsin B. Pepsin C. Amylase D. Lipase 21. The liver functions to A. form glucose from non- carbohydrates B. store vitamin D C. destroy damaged red blood cells D. all of these 22. What constituent of bile has a digestive function? A. Bile salts B. Bile pigments C. Cholesterol D. Electrolytes 23. One of the major functions of the large intestine is to A. secrete digestive enzymes B. reabsorb water from chyme C. regulate the release of bile D. break down hemoglobin
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